Hematopoietic system pathologies

Question 1

Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one has a 50% association with EBV?

Answer 1

HL

Question 2

What is the presentation of a patient lacking all four alpha-globin genes?

Answer 2

hydrop fetalis and intrauterine fetal death

Question 3

Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one involves multiple, peripheral nodes with common extra-nodal involvement?

Answer 3

NHL

Question 4

Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one presents with constitutional signs/symptoms: low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss?

Answer 4

HL (NHL has few SSx

Question 5

What causes DIC?

Answer 5

obstetric complications, gram- sepsis, transfusion, trauma, malignancy, acute pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome

Question 6

What is the etiology of alpha-thalassemia?

Answer 6

underproduction of alpha-globin chain with no compensatory increase of any other chains

Question 7

Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one is associated with HIV and immunosuppression?

Answer 7

NHL

Question 8

What is the deficiency in hemophilia A?

Answer 8

factor VIII

Question 9

List four clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma.

Answer 9

lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia along w/ renal insufficiency, increased susceptibility to infection and anemia

Question 10

What causes aplastic anemia?

Answer 10

radiation, benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, viral agents, Fanconi’s anemia, idiopathic causes

Question 11

Esophageal cancer: esophageal adenocarcinoma is found where?

Answer 11

lower 1/3

Question 12

When would you see the hemolytic anemia associated with G6PD deficiency?

Answer 12

when the body is under oxidative stress (dt certain drugs, fava beans)

Question 13

List three key diagnostic features of multiple myeloma.

Answer 13

lytic bone lesions on Xray, M-spike on serum protein electrophoresis, Bence-Jones proteins in urine

Question 14

Which antigen is deficient in von Willebrand’s disease?

Answer 14

von Willebrands antigen

Question 15

When are Heinz bodies seen in hemolytic anemia?

Answer 15

heinz bodies are observed in hemolytic anemia caused by G6PD deficiency

Question 16

Barrett’s esophagus: the distal esophageal columnar epithelium is replaced with:

Answer 16

gastric columnar epithelium

Question 17

Esophageal cancer: the MC esophageal cancer in the US is:

Answer 17

adenocarcinoma (decreased cigarette use)

Question 18

How does a RBC smear appear in a patient with multiple myeloma?

Answer 18

rouleaux formation

Question 19

Name two peripheral and bone marrow characteristics of leukemia.

Answer 19

increased circulating leukocytes and bone marrow infiltrates of leukemic cells

Question 20

Which diseases present with increased PTT and normal PT, platelet count, and bleeding time?

Answer 20

hemophilia A and B

Question 21

Which population has the highest prevalence of alpha-thalassemia?

Answer 21

mediterranean populations

Question 22

Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one has bimodal age distribution?

Answer 22

HL (NHL peaks at 20-40 years old)

Question 23

Patient presents with normal TIBC, increased serum iron, and 100% iron saturation (normal is 20-50%). Your most likely diagnosis is:

Answer 23

iron overload (hemosiderosis)

Question 24

What is the definition of DIC?

Answer 24

activation of coagulation cascade leading to microthrombi and global consumption of platelets, fibrin, and coagulation factors

Question 25

What condition presents with decreased platelet count, increased bleeding time, and normal PT/PTT?

Answer 25

thrombocytopenia

Question 26

Which two immunoglobulins are abnormal in multiple myeloma?

Answer 26

IgA (55%) and IgA (25%)

Question 27

Name three organs that are most commonly infiltrated in leukemia.

Answer 27

liver, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 28

What are common symptoms associated with aplastic anemia?

Answer 28

fatigue, malaise, pallor, purpura, mucosal bleeding, petechiae, and infection

Question 29

Esophageal cancer: the MC esophageal cancer in the world is:

Answer 29

SCC

Question 30

Esophageal cancer: esophageal SCC is found where?

Answer 30

upper 2/3

Question 31

Barrett's esophagus can progress to:

Answer 31

adenocarcinoma

Question 32

Which anemia presents with increased TIBC, decreased ferritin, and decreased serum iron?

Answer 32

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 33

Hodgkin's or NHL: Which one is more common in males?

Answer 33

HL

Question 34

Which factors does the PT measure?

Answer 34

extrinsic factors II, V, VII, X

Question 35

What abnormal lab findings would a B12/folate deficiency cause?

Answer 35

macrocytic anemia

Question 36

Barrett's esophagus results from __.

Answer 36

reflux

Question 37

What is the patient presentation of beta-thalassemia major?

Answer 37

severe anemia requiring blood transfusion cardiac failure dt 2˚ hemochromatosis

Question 38

In Wilson's disease, what organs or tissues accumulate copper?

Answer 38

liver, brain, cornea

Question 39

Hodgkin's or NHL: Which one is localized to a single group of nodes, with contiguous spread and rare extra-nodal involvement?

Answer 39

HL

Question 40

Hodgkin's or NHL: Which one presents with mediastinal lymphadenopathy?

Answer 40

HL

Question 41

Which anemia presents with an increased TIBC, decreased serum iron, and normal iron saturation?

Answer 41

iron deficiency anemia

Question 42

Hodgkin's or NHL: Which presents with Reed-Sternberg cells?

Answer 42

HL

Question 43

Risk factors of Esophageal CA

Answer 43

``` Acalasia Barrett's esophagus Corrosive esophagitis/cigarettes Diverticuli (zenkers) Esophageal web/EtOH Familial ```

Question 44

Which type of lymphoma is associated with EBV infection and is endemic in Africa?

Answer 44

Burkitt's

Question 45

In multiple myeloma, the Ig light chains are also called __

Answer 45

Bence-Jones proteins