Hematuria, dysuria, and nocturia Flashcards
(54 cards)
what makes a uti uncomplicated?
if it is in a non-pregnant outpatient woman without any anatomic abnormalities or urinary instrumentation
what are some examples of factors that are associated with complicated UTIs?
pregnancy, urinary retention/obstruction, renal failure, renal transplant, and males
how is a recurrent UTI defined?
2 or more infection in 6 months or 3 or more infections in one year
what is asymptomatic bacteriuria?
bacteriuria present on urine culture but no clinical UTI symptoms present in the patient
what is catheter-associated UTI (CA-UTI)?
uti associated with placement of urinary catheter or within 48 hours of removal
what are the gram negative organisms associated with UTIs?
E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa
what are the gram positive organisms associated with UTIs?
enterococcus species, staphylococcus saprophyticus, and group B streptococcus
what is the classic presentation of UTIs?
irritative voiding symptoms, suprapubic abdominal pain, gross/microscopic hematuria
what are the irritative voiding symptoms?
dysuria, urinary frequency, urinary urgency
what is the classic presentation of pyelonephritis?
patients will have the irritative voiding symptoms as well as: fever/chills/rigors, flank pain, CVA tenderness, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and anorexia; AMS is a common presentation in older adults
what are 5 complications associated with UTIs?
sepsis/septic shock, acute kidney injury, perinephric abscess, emphysematous pyelonephritis, and papillary necrosis
how does interstitial cystitis present?
with irritative voiding symptoms but there is no evidence of infection
What things can urine dipstick detect?
leukocyte estrase, nitrites, blood, and color
what does presence of LE or nitrites typically mean?
there is a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% for UTI
what does urinalysis with microscopy detect?
hematuria, pyuria, WBC casts, bacteria present
what do urine cultures with sensitivities show?
true UTIs have more than 10^5 CFU (colony-forming units/ml)
when might you use imaging to diagnose a UTI?
it is typically reserved for patients with acute complicated UTIs and/or possible pyelonephritis
what imaging modality do you use for UTIs?
CT abdomen/pelvis with and without IV contrast
what do CT scans in the setting of UTIs evaluate for?
calculi, obstruction, pyelonephritis findings
what are the pyelonephritis findings that can be seen on CT scans?
perinephric abscesses, perinephric stranding, areas of decreased contrast enhancement, and emphysematous pyelonephritis
What are the 4 different types of prostatitis?
acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, asymptomatic prostatitis
how is chronic bacterial prostatitis defined?
chronic infection of prostate gland (greater than 3 months)
what is chronic pelvic pain syndrome?
chronic pelvic pain with no detectable infection of prostate gland
who is most likely to get prostatitis?
young and middle-aged men
