Hematuria/Stones

Question 1

Positive urine dipstick for RBC is approxmiately what on microscopic examination

Answer 1

2-5+ RBC/hpf

hpf = high-powered field

Question 2

Definition of hematuria in

adults

children

Answer 2

adults: 2 RBC/hpf
children: 5 RBC/hpf

Question 3

First step in “red urine” work up

Answer 3

spin the urine

Question 4

After spinning red urine: results

Answer 4

red sediment: hematuria

red supernatant: dipstick for heme

• if negative: porphyria, phenazopyridine, beets
• if positive: myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria

Question 5

Hesitancy and dribbling may indicate

Answer 5

prostate hypertrophy

Question 6

Cyclic hematuria in women

Answer 6

endometriosis

Question 7

If clots are present in urine

Answer 7

never glomerular source of bleeding

Question 8

Nutcracker syndrome

Answer 8

left renal vein compressed by SMA

Question 9

Tx for calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate stone

Answer 9

thiazide diuretics

Question 10

Phosphate stones

precipitation

Answer 10

alkaline urine!

Question 11

Which stones are radiolucent

Answer 11

uric acid stones

Uric acid = radiolUcent

Question 12

Calcium stones:

dietary calcium recommendations

Answer 12

keep up dietary calcium

calcium binds oxalate in GI tract

sequestration

keeps oxalate out of renal tubules

Question 13

Struvite stones

organism associations

Answer 13

urease + organisms

S. saprophyticus, Proteus, Klebsiella

Question 14

Staghorn calculi

stone composition types

Answer 14

struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate)

cysteine (children)

Question 15

Cysteine stone

inheritence pattern

Answer 15

autosomal recessive

Question 16

Tx of asymptomatic stones

Answer 16

no established guidelines