Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology > Heme Chemo > Flashcards

Heme Chemo Flashcards

chemo

1
Q

Alkylating Agents Mechanism

A

alkylate DNA by interacting with nucleophilic groups which disrupts DNA and leads to apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alkylating agents are phase specific or non specific

A

non- specific, but cells ahe to be cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the response curve look like for alkylating agents

A

linear dose response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alkylating agents side effects

A

nausea, marrow suppression, mutagenesis, secondary carcinogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechlorethamine aka

A

nitrogen mustard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mechlorethamine drug class/ mechanism

A

alkylating agent –interacts w/ N7 group of guanine which leads to crosslinking and depurination = bifunctional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is Mechlorethamine metabolized

A

degraded by non-enyatic hydrolysis so does not require dose adjustment in renal/hepatic failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is dose limiting side effect of Mechlorethamine

A

myelo suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

melphalan is what drug class and derivative of what drug

A

alkylating agent –mechlorethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ifosphamide is what drug class and derivative of what drug

A

alkylating agent –mechlorethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chlorambucil is what drug class and derivative of what drug

A

alkylating agent –mechlorethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cyclophosphamide is a derivative of

A

mechlorethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most widely used alkylating agent

A

cyclophosphamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cyclophosphamide route

A

IV or oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cyclophosphamide
(is parent drug active0

A

no has to be activated by p450 system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is cyclophosphamide
elimiated

A

liver and kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cyclophosphamide
unique side effect

A

hemorrhagic cystitis from acrolein metabolite which is treated with MESNA ( 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cyclophosphamide drug class

A

alkylating agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cisplatin drug class

A

alkylating agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cisplatin widely used in which cancers

A

Head/neck, lung, breast, and ovarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cisplatin side effects

A

renal insufficiency and neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most antimetabolites are specific for cells in which phase

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antimetabolites are most effective when administered how

A

continuous infusion or hyperfractionated IV bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Methotrexate drug class

A

antimetabolite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

methotrexate mechanism

A

analogue of folic acid and inhibits DHFR by competitive inhibition which stops dUMP to dTMP which stops DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

function of leucovorin

A

given after methotrexate given to rescue pathway so that higher doses can be given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

methotrexate common uses

A

lymphoma, breast, HN, and lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

methotrexate severe side effect

A

renal failure from precipitation in renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

3 mechanims that give tumor cells methotrexate resistance

A

decreased transport, gene amplification, and mutation of DHFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

5 fluoroucil mechanism

A

inhibits thymidalte synthase by suicide mechanism which stops DNA syntehsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Leucovorin has what relationshiop w/ 5 fluoroucil

A

used to potentiate action of 5FU by stabiliziang fdUMP to thymidilate synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

f5U drug class

A

antimetbolite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

mechanism of Cytarbine

A

cytidine analogue that inhibits DNA polymerase and inhibits DNA replication. Also if it is incorporated into DNA it slows chain elongation and inhibits DNA ligation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cytarbine is specific for what phase

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cytarbine indications

A

AML (7+3 regimen) and lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

side effect of high dose Ara-C

A

acute cerebellar toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

cytarbine side effects (3)

A

marrow aplasia, GI toxicity, alopecia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Doxo/Dana/ Ida- Rubicine drug class and chemo class

A

anthracycline Abx, inhibitor of topoisomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Doxo/Dana/ Ida- Rubicine structure

A

tetracycline + sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Doxo/Dana/ Ida- Rubicine mechanism

A

intercalates into DNA and inhibits DNA replication and mRA synthesis and also inhibits Topo II which inhibits DNA which leads to DNA fragmentation and apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Anthracyclines used to treat

A

hematologic malignancies, breast, lung, GI and GU cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

anthracycline metabolized where

A

liver, so have to decrease dose in liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

anthracycline side effects

A

cardiac, GI, marrow= vesicants if they infiltrate they cause damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

incidence of cardiomyopathy is relative low below cumulative dose of ___ At a dose of ____ the incidence increases to greater than 20%

A

400 mg/m2 , 550

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

t/f anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy is reversible

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Odansetron drug class

A

serotonin receptor blocking agent

47
Q

odansetron therapeutic class

A

anti-emetic

48
Q

Aprepitant drug class

A

serotonin receptor blocking agent

49
Q

Aprepitant therapeutic class

A

anti-emetic

50
Q

Velcade is what drug class

A

proteosomal inhibitor

51
Q

velcade mechanism

A

inhibits degradation of proteins leading to unfolded protein stress response and apoptosis

52
Q

velcade indications

A

multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma

53
Q

carfilzomib drug class

A

proteosomal inhibitor

54
Q

Erythopoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA) use

A

decrease need for transfusion in patients with MDS after marrow suppression

55
Q

G-CSF

A

enhanced recovery of neutrophils after cytotoxic chemo and allows increased maximum tolerated dose of chemo

56
Q

romiplostin drug calss

A

platelet stimulating drug

57
Q

eltrombopag drug class

A

platelet stimulating drug

58
Q

platelet stimulating drugs indication

A

MDS, immune thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia

59
Q

Aranesp and Neulasta are what

A

EPO and GCSF that are modified by glycosylation

60
Q

t/f ESAs are indicated for patients receiving myelosuppressivetherappy when anticipated outcome is cure

A

false

61
Q

What was the first humanized mAb approved for human use

A

Rutiximab

62
Q

Rituximab mechanism

A

targets CD20 on pre-B and B lymphocytes and most B-cell NHLs

63
Q

Rituximab mechanisms (3)

A

Fc mediated phagocytosis
complement-mediated cytotoxicity
apoptosis induction

64
Q

Rituximab use

A

lymphoma

65
Q

Gemtuzumab target

A

CD33 of immature myeloid cells

66
Q

Gemtuzumab used to treat

A

AML

67
Q

Tiuxetan target

A

CD20

68
Q

Tiuxetan used to treat

A

NHL

69
Q

Cetuximab target

A

EGFR

70
Q

Cetuximab used to treat

A

colorectal and H/N

71
Q

Bevacizumab target

A

VEGF

72
Q

Bevacizumab used to treat

A

colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, gliobastoma

73
Q

Imid (ie Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Pomalidomide) drug class

A

immunomodulatory drugs

74
Q

immunomodulatory mechanism

A

no one knows, but they are highly effective and have several mechanisms of action

75
Q

thalidomide use

A

leprosy, GVHD, MM

76
Q

lenalidomide use

A

MM, mantle cell NHL, MDS

77
Q

lenalidomide side effects

A

fatigue, GI distress, peripheral neuropathy

78
Q

pomalidomide use

A

resistant MM

79
Q

Ipilumumab target

A

CTLA-4

80
Q

Ipilumumab use

A

melanoma

81
Q

Pembrolizumab target

A

PD-1

82
Q

Pembrolizumab use

A

melanoma w or w/o BRAF inhibitor

83
Q

Nivolumab target

A

PD-1

84
Q

Nivolumab use

A

melanoma and Non small cell lung cancer

85
Q

side effect of immune targeted Abs

A

autoimmune organ damage ie Graft vs Host which is treated w/ steroids and can be severe

86
Q

Imatinib Meseylate primary target

A

bcr-abl translocation

87
Q

Imatinib used in what kind of cancer

A

CML and GI stromal tumors

88
Q

Erlotinib target

A

EGFR

89
Q

Erlotinib used for what kind of cancer

A

NSCLC, colorectal retastatic disease

90
Q

Trastuzumab target

A

Her2/neu overexpression

91
Q

Trastuzumab used for what kind of cancer

A

Breast

92
Q

Imatinib secondary targets

A

PDGFR, stem cell factor, and c-kit

93
Q

Imatinib mechanism

A

inhibits tyrosine kinase domain of Bcr-abl oncoprotein, so steops signaling

94
Q

2nd generation bcr-abl TKIs

A

noltinib and dasatinib

95
Q

Imatinib drug class

A

TKI , c-kit and PDGF inhibitor

96
Q

qualitatively what is Imatinibs oral absorption

A

good

97
Q

Imatinib’s side effects

A

cardiac toxicity

98
Q

Trastuzumab mechanism

A

block Her2/Neu receptor, so stops growth factor binding

99
Q

Trastuzumab half life

A

5.8 days

100
Q

Erlotinib class

A

small molecule EGFR inhibitor

101
Q

Erlotinib mechanism

A

inhibits kianse activity of EGFR

102
Q

qualitatively what is Erlotinib’s oral absorption

A

good

103
Q

Erlotinib kinetics

A

36 hours

104
Q

Erlotinib side effects

A

rash, diarrhea, dyspnea

105
Q

Erlotinib used for which kinds of cancer

A

lung and pancreatic

106
Q

Vemurafenib target

A

BRAF serine-threonine kinase oncogene inhibitor

107
Q

Vemurafenib used for which kind of cancer

A

melanoma

108
Q

vemurafenib side effects

A

arthralgia, skin rash, photosensitivity

109
Q

benefits of targeting angiogenesis

A

resistance is infrequent, activity doesn’t depend on tumor cell targeting, could prevent vascularization of tumors

110
Q

Bevacizumab class

A

VEGF inhibitor so blocks angiogenic activity

111
Q

Bevacizumab used for which cancers

A

colon, lung, macular degeneration, retinal disease

112
Q

Bevacizumab side effects

A

bleeding, allergic rxns, wound healing, Gi perforation

113
Q

P-glycoprotein causes resistance in which drugs

A

vinca alkaloids, antracyclines,taxanes, etoposide, imatinib mesylate)

114
Q

Glutathione-S transferase induction causes resistance in which

A

(cisplatin, antracycline,aklylating agents)

Hematology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions