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Heme 1 exam 4&5 > heme final > Flashcards

heme final Flashcards

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1
Q

refers to anything related to the production or development of red blood cells

A

Erythroid

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2
Q

all blood cells except lymphocytes and plasma cells

A

myeloid

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3
Q

normal M:E ratio

A

3:1-4:1

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4
Q

what is the life span of a RBC?

A

120 days

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5
Q

What hormone is produced by the kidney and stimulates RBC production?

A

EPO

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6
Q

What stage is the NRBC found in?

A

stage 4 (orthochromatic normoblast)

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7
Q

What four parameters are a direct reading from the hematology analyzer?

A

RBC, WBC, HGB, MCV

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8
Q

Why is the Rule of Three important?

A

significant part of QA; failure to fall within correlation check may indicate an error

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9
Q

mcv/ mchc for normocytic/normochromic

A

mcv- 76-100
mchc-32-36

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10
Q

microcytic/hypochromic values

A

mcv-<76
mchc-<32

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11
Q

macrocytic/normochromic values

A

mcv->76
mchc-32-36

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12
Q

RBCs that vary is size

A

anisocytosis

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13
Q

RBCs that vary in shape

A

poikilocytosis

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14
Q

what two things can the rdw determine in a peripheral smear

A

poikilocytosis and anisocytosis

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15
Q

what color tube is used for CBC results and what is the additive ?

A

purple/edta

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16
Q

3 reasons why CBC results might now be acceptable

A

clotted, cold agglutinin, lipemia

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17
Q

List two proteins that provide RBC deformability

A

spektrin and ankrin

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18
Q

Which electrolyte has the highest concentration in the RBC?

A

potassium 25:1

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19
Q

Which RBC metabolic pathway provides 90% energy?

A

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

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20
Q

Which RBC metabolic pathway provides glutathione to prevent hemoglobin
degradation?

A

hexose monophosphate shunt

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21
Q

What is the key element for oxygen delivery in red cell metabolism?

A

2,3, DPG

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22
Q

increased central pallor and decreased hemoglobin concentration

A

hypochromia

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23
Q

used to describe rbc’s that have a faint blue-orange color and slightly larger than normal rbcs

A

polychromasia

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24
Q

rbc fragments that are irregular in shape and size

A

shisotocytes

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25
thorny projections distributed irregularly around the rbc and lacks central pallor
acanthrocytes
26
short and spike like projections distributed evenly around the cell membrane
burr cells
27
present shape cells, usually with one pointed end
sickle cells
28
rbcs with a target or bulls eye appearance
target cells
29
resembles a tear and usually smaller than a normal rbc
teardrop cell
30
what are Howell jolly bodies composed of?
DNA
31
what are basophilic stippling composed of?
RNA
32
what are Heinz bodies composed of?
denatured hemoglobin
33
what are pappenheimer bodies composed of?
iron
34
What is the reticulocyte count used for? What stain is used?
accessing rbc production; new methylene blue (NMB)
35
reticulocytes contain remnants of what material?
RNA
36
what are the components of the hemoglobin molecule
4 heme, 4 globin, 4 iron
37
what is the prussian blue stain used for
to detect remnants of iron
38
List the hemoglobins found in normal adult hemoglobin.
Hgb A, Hgb A2, and Hgb F
39
Which Hgb is the greatest percentage found in the body?
Hgb A
40
What does shift to the right represent?
less attraction to oxygen
41
What does shift to the left represent?
more attraction to oxygen
42
what globin chains are found in Hgb A?
2 alpha 2 beta
43
what globin chains are found in Hgb A2?
2 alpha, 2 delta
44
what globin chains found in Hgb F?
2 alpha, 2 gamma
45
hepatosplenomegaly, polychromasia, spherocytes are examples of which hemolysis
extravascular
46
hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, schistocytes are which hemolysis
intravascular
47
low iron and low ferritin
IDA
48
due to a secondary condition, iron is blocked; ferritin is increased
ACD/AOI
49
Accumulation of iron is mitochondria; defective synthesis of heme
sideroblastic anemia
50
inherited; iron overload
Hereditary Hemochromatosis
51
alpha gene deletions
Alpha Thalassemia
52
four depleted alpha genes
Bart's hydrops fetalis
53
Which Beta Thalassemia is not iron related but mimics IDA?
Beta minor
54
decreased levels in pregnancy lead to neural tube defects
folic acid
55
three depleted alpha genes
hemoglobin h
56
What does Hemoglobin H inclusions resemble?
pitted golf balls
57
deleted or defective beta genes
beta thalassemias
58
two depleted or defective beta genes
Beta Major Cooley's
59
Hgb F and A2 increased NRBC's increased Schistocytes Target cells
beta major
60
One defective beta gene
beta minor
61
Hgb A2 increased, RBC increased, Basophilic stippling, Target cells
beta minor
62
liver hormone that regulates how body uses iron
hepcidin
63
Protein that binds iron and transport
transferrin
64
Impaired DNA synthesis; Ineffective erythropoiesis
megaloblastic anemia
65
Lack of intrinsic factor; B12 cannot be absorbed
pernicious anemia
66
Where is lack of intrinisic factor found?
parietal cells in the stomach
67
Pancytopenia, Hypersegmented neutrophils, Macrocytosis, Macro-ovalocytes, Rectic decreased, MMA increased, Homocysteine increased, Schilling Test
pernicious anemia
68
Order of hemoglobin on Electrophoresis at pH 6.5: cathode to anode
F, A, S, C
69
Order of hemoglobin on Electrophoresis at pH 8.6: Cathode to anode
C, S, F, A
70
Valine substituted for glutamic acid at the 6th position on beta chain
sickle cell anemia(hgbSS)
71
If the solution is clear and the lines behind the tube are visible, the inteperation is neg or positive? solubility test
negative
72
lysine substituted for glutamic acid at the 6th position on beta chain
Hemoglobin C (Hgb CC)
73
(Bars of gold)
Hemoglobin C crystals
74
Washington monuments
Hgb SC crystals
75
Which hgb combination is used for the negative sickle screen control?
AA
76
Which disorder has hematology indicator of Pancytopenia?
Aplastic anemia
77
May be caused by drugs, fava beans, broad beans ingestion
G6PD
78
What are the hematology indicators in G6PD deficiency?
Heinz bodies, bite cells
79
Enzyme deficiency in the EMP that is unable to reduce Gluathione to protect RBCs; sex linked disorder
G6PD
80

Heme 1 exam 4&5 (4 decks)

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