Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

**Old DOOS > Heme/Onc 4 > Flashcards

Heme/Onc 4 Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what account for 2/3 of all cancers in the US?

A

smoking
obesity
poor diet
inactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what types of cancer can a moderate amount of alcohol raise the risk for

A

raises risks for colon, breast, esophageal, and oropharyngeal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can be protective for cancer in moderate drinkers of alcohol?

A

folate supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what cancer is exposure to asbestos associated with?

A

mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what infections can be a risk factor for CA?

A

hepatitis C
HIV
HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antiestrogen therapies

A

Tamoxifen, raloxifene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

drugs used for prevention in prostate cancer. But if they did get prostate cancer it was more agressive.

A

Finasteride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

only cancer screening test that has proven to increase lifespan

A

HPV screening test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the most common male cancer (highest to lowest)

A

prostate
lung/ bronchus
colon/ rectum
bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the most common female cancers

A

breast
lung/bronchus
colon/rectum
endometreum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type cancer causes the most deaths?

A

lung/ bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

risk factors for lung cancer

A 
Tobacco
Radiation therapy
asbestor
radon
metals (arsenic, chronium, nickel)
ionizing radiation (environment)
polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what lung condition is a risk factor for lung CA

A

pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

infection that is a risk for lung cancer

A

HIV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are CXRs, sputum cytology useful for lung cancer screening?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what may be useful for screening for lung cancer?

A

low dose CT scan in high risk populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common type of lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma (including bronchioalveolar carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where are small cell lung cancers typically

A

closer to hilum and mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where are adenocarcinomas typically?

A

peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the prefix adeno mean?

A

gland formation

so the cancer lines the glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lung cancer that form keratin globules

A

squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

symptoms of lung CA

A 
cough
hemoptysis
chest pain
SOB
hoarseness
pleural involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does SVC look like (due to an SVC obstruction)

A

purple look to face

variscosities on the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Type of lung tumor that presents in the apex of the lung. Right against the nerve plexus. Present with extreme shoulder and arm pain + numbness

A

Pancoast tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
where does lung cancer often metastasize to?
Brain Liver Bone Adrenal (rarely symptomatic)
26
with small cell lung cancer where is there common radiation?
Brain
27
what causes hypercalcemia with lung cancer?
PTHrP or bone mets
28
what type of lung cancer can cause SIADH
Small cell lung cancer
29
syndrome that looks like Myasthenia Gravis, associated w/ lung cancer (parneoplastic syndrome)
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
30
Tx for small cell lung cancer, is limited (within the thoracic cavity) but unresectable
Chemo/ XRT
31
tx for small cell lung cancer that is advanced
chemo for palliation.
32
is the TNM system used for small cell lung cancer?
No
33
Tx for non small cell lung cancer
Sx, chemo, radiation depending on stage
34
what type of lung cancer may respond to anti-EGFR therapies?
non squamous non small cell carcinoma
35
what is a drug that women +/- Asians who have non squamous, non small cell carcinoma may respond to
Erlotinib
36
how do most breast cancer begin
Intraductally
37
protective factors for breast cancer
breast feeding | multi parity
38
who should get CA-125 screening for ovarian cancer?
BRCA
39
what is Eczematous lesion of the skin of the nipple
paget's disease
40
is breast pain common with breast cancer?
No, only <10%
41
after 5 years does ER positive breast cancer risk go away?
No
42
Are ER positive or ER negative breast cancers more aggressive?
ER negative
43
medication for Her-2 positive breast cancer
Herceptin
44
what is the most common non-skin cancer in men?
prostate cancer
45
what ethnicity has a increased incidence w/ prostate cancer?
African American
46
what increases risk of prostate cancer
altered estrogen and androgen metabolite prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) high fat diet
47
what occupational exposures put people at a higher risk of prostate cancer
Cadmium Loggers Chemists Textile Workers Painters Farmers
48
when should men have a yearly DRE?
>50 (high risk <40)
49
S/S of prostate cancer
``` hesitancy dribbling urgency poor urine stream nocturia back pain terminal hematuria ```
50
what PSA level indicates a low risk?
<10
51
what score measures the pathologic agressiveness of prostate cancer?
Gleason score (<6 low risk)
52
Tx for early prostate cancer?
``` radical prostatectomy external beam radiation therapy brachytherapy (seeds of RT) cryotherapy androgren derivation therapy (ADT) ```
53
Tx of advanced prostate cancer
standard chemo taxane + steroid Abiraterone Enzalutimide
54
where are ok sites for prostate ca mets?
bone and lymph nodes
55
where do you not want to see mets w/ prostate ca
liver and lungs
56
What are S/S of androgen deficiency in adult males
gynecomastia osteoporosis >fat hot flashes
57
who has a higher risk of colon and rectal cancer?
lowest socioeconomic status
58
what is a major risk of colon cancer
age
59
screening for colorectal cancer
stool occult blood | colonoscopy
60
when should screening for colorectal cancer start
age 50
61
Tx for colon cancer stage I-III (no mets)
hemicolectomy | adjuvant chemo
62
if someone has rectal cancer what might they need before a hemicolectomy?
neoadjuvant chemo / XRT
63
what type cancer can tamoxifen cause?
endometrial cancer
64
what can cisplatin cause?
renal toxicity ototoxicity neurotoxicity
65
why can SIADH occur w/ cancer
excessive vasopressin produced by tumors
66
what inhibits effects of vasopressin
demeclocycline
67
causes of superior vena cava syndrome
lung cancer lymphoma thrombosis of central venous catheters
68
Presents As Facial Swelling, Dyspnea, Cough, Tracheal Obstruction
superior vena cava syndrome
69
tx for spinal cord compression
Radiation emergently reverses neuro | 4-6mg IV or Po Dexamethasone Q4h
70
tx for febrile neutropenia
consider culture results but begin w broad spectrum ABX e.g. ceftazidime 1GM IV q 8h. Coverage should include Gram + & Gram – organisms
71
what types of lung cancer are more central?
squamous | small cell

**Old DOOS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions