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hemeonc > HemeOnc > Flashcards

HemeOnc Flashcards

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1
Q

bradykinin

A

vasodilates art, constricts vv, incrs permeability, incrs pain
-incrs brady when no C1 esterase inhib (high brady when low C1)

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2
Q

c1 Esterase inhib

A

incrs C1

-blocks kallikrein

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3
Q

direct Xa inhib (anticoags)

A

apiXaban, rivaroXaban, fondaparinuX

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4
Q

direct THROMBIN inhibs

A

argatroban, bivalirudin, dabigatran

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5
Q

prothrombin——–+?——>thrombin

A

factor Va

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6
Q

Plasminogen——+/- (tpa)—->plasmin

A

+ :thrombolytics: altepase, reteplase, streptokinase

- :Aminocaproic acid

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7
Q

no clinically signif bleeding

A

factor12 deficiency

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8
Q

req. Ca2+ and phospholipid

A

factors 8a, 5a, 7—->7a

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9
Q

first abnormal factor in liver dz

A

7

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10
Q

Acanthocyte/spur cell

A

liver dz, abetalipoproteinemia, chol. dysreg.

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11
Q

degmacyte/bite cell

A

G6PD def

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12
Q

where is excess iron in a sideroblast

A

mito

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13
Q

schistocyte/helmet

A

DIC, TTP/HUS, HELLP, uremia, pyruvate kinase def

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14
Q

malignant skin cancers

A

melanoma, basal cell

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15
Q

clonality of B lymphoctyes

A

determined by Ig light chain (light chain either Kappa or Lambda)

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16
Q

screening

A

catches dysplasia (reversible)

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17
Q

Arsennic/cig smoke

A

Sqaumous cell carc, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of the liver

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18
Q

angiosarcoma of the liver

A

arsenic, vinyl chloride

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19
Q

EBV in a chinese/african male

A

nasopharyngeal carc, burkitt, CNS lymphoma in AIDS

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20
Q

High risk HPV

A

Squamous cell carc of vag, adenocarc of cervix

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21
Q

ionizing radiation

A

AML, CML, papillary carc of thyroid—>hydroxyl free radicals

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22
Q

NONionizing radiation

A

UVB–>basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma00>pyrimidine dimers

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23
Q

func of CDK4

A

CDK phosphorylates RB—> promotes cell cycle going thru G1/S checkpt
-mutation= melanoma

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24
Q

RAS-GDP

A

inactive

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25
GTPase
if no GTPase, RAS cant shut off GTP so get too much growth
26
CND1
make sure cell goes G1 to S without mutations
27
p53
g1-->s regulation and upregs DNA repair enzymes (BAX)
28
BAX
disrputs BCL2 and now cytC leaks out and activates apop.
29
Rb
G1--->S | -if RB mutated, lots of E2F around and get too much growth
30
E2F transcription factor
goes to S phase | -E2F is released when Rb is phosphorylated by CDK4
31
role of BCL2
stabilize mito mem so nothing leaks | -bcl2 overexpressed in follicular lymphoma
32
pdgf overexpressed
astrocytoma
33
RET point mutation
medullary carc of thyroid
34
KIT point mutation
GI stromal tumor
35
CYCLIN D1 (11;14) translocation
mantle cell lymphoma
36
telomerase
leads to immortality if cancers upreg it
37
carcinoma
spread via lymph (some spread via blood like choriocarc, RCC, HCC, follicular carc thyroid). KERATIN+
38
poorly differentiated
malignant
39
chromogranin
neuroendocrine cells- SCC of lung and carcinoid tumors
40
S-100
melanoma, schwannoma, langerhans cell histoicytes
41
vimentin
mesenchyme, sarcomas
42
desmin
muscles
43
grading
assess differentiation; determines Px
44
staging
size and spread (S-S-S); BETTER determines Px
45
painless gross hematuria
bladder cancer
46
MAHA
DIC, TTP, HUS
47
scd
high LDH, Indirect Bilirubin. LOW haptoglobin
48
platelet plug
coagulation cascade stabilizes it
49
links plates to aggregate
fibrinogen
50
t(12:21)
ALL
51
Tx for hairy cell
cladribine, pentostatin
52
smudge cells
CLL
53
BCR-ABL, 9;22
CML
54
imatinib is Tx for
CML
55
which leukemia has low LAP d/t malignant neuts
CML
56
follicular lymphoma
BCL2, 14;18, abnorm GCs
57
BRAF oncogene
ser/threonine kinase | -melanoma, NHL
58
KRAS oncogene
colon/lung/pancreatic cancer,
59
which lymphoma is assoc with EBV
hodgkin
60
Immune thrombocytopenia purpura
megakarocytes, few but large plates, AntiplatletAbs | -HIGH bleeding time
61
TTP
schostocytes, HIGH LDH | -neuro, renal sx
62
what is the problem with Fe in Anemia of chronic dz
prob with Fe utilization, not Fe deficiency
63
Hepcidin is high in what dz
SLE
64
hepcidin MOA
block transfer of Fe from Macrophages to RBC | -and decrs Fe absorption from gut
65
OCP/preggers and Fe
high tranferin (transports Fe in blood) or TPO
66
sideroblastic anemia signs
HIGH Fe,ferritin.
67
sideroblastic anemia Tx
vitB6
68
what enzyme is def in CGD
NADPHoxidase (CGD would show up negative on NBT test)
69
which anemia has a POSITIVE direct coombs test
autoimmune hemolyic anemia
70
direct coombs test
anti-Ig ab is added to pts serum; RBS coag if RBCs are coated with Ig
71
indirect coombs
normal RBCs are added to pts serum; if serum has anti-RBC ab, you see RBCs coag
72
Heinz bodies are
denatured Hb
73
Bite cells are
phag removal of Heinz bodies by splenic macrophages
74
G6P DH def
cant form NADPH (NADP+---G6PDH---->NADPH), so cant keep glutathione reduced -LOW NADPH= hemolytic anemia
75
what causes basophilic stippling
not degrading rRNA (so RBCs retain aggregates of rRNA)
76
kid has needed blood tranfusions since birth
Bthal. major
77
high HbF and HbA2 NO HbA1(no HbA2B2=no Bchain)
Bthal. major
78
most likely place for colon (GI tract)metastasis
liver
79
where is the primary tumor in brain cancer
lung
80
which clotting factors are made in the liver
2,7,9,10
81
intrisic pathway deals with
PTT
82
what causes itching in Polycythemia vera
basophils
83
TTP labs
high LDH, schistocytes, low platelets, high bleeding time
84
Bcr-abl
9:22 | always active tyr-kin
85
indirect coombs test
to test blood compatibility before a transfusion
86
brown blood
Tx with methylene blue; means there is too much Fe3+ in the blood

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