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Animal Physiology > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemodynamics?

A

The physics of blood flow

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2
Q

What is the driving force of bulk flow in the circulatory system?

A

The heart

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3
Q

What are the 2 things that blood flow depends on?

A

Pressure differences across the circulatory system and vascular resistance

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4
Q

What is the hematocrit?

A

Percent of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

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5
Q

What happens to blood pressure as the blood progresses through the circulatory system?

A

Drops

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6
Q

You stop being able to feel a pulse once the blood reaches which type of blood vessels?

A

Arterioles

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7
Q

What are the 2 ways a liquid can flow through a tube?

A

Laminar and turbulent

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8
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Smooth flow

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9
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

Strong flow

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10
Q

What is the LaPlace law?

A

Tension on the walls of a blood vessel is proportional to the blood pressure and vessel radius

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11
Q

How does the LaPlace law apply to blood vessels with thin walls?

A

T = αPr

Shows that wall tension (T), is proportional to blood pressure (P) and vessel radius (r)

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12
Q

How does the LaPlace law apply to blood vessels with thick walls?

A 
σ = Pr/w
Wall stress (σ) is proportional to the blood pressure (P) and radius of the vessel (r), but inversely proportional to the wall thickness (w)
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13
Q

What happens to wall stress if wall thickness increases?

A

Decreases

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14
Q

What is the Law of Bulk Flow?

A

Fluids move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

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15
Q

What creates resistance?

A

The friction of blood flow through blood vessels, since blood is viscous

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16
Q

What does Poiseuille’s Law describe?

A

Laminar flow of a fluid through a tube, taking into account the resistance of the tube

17
Q

What 3 things affect the resistance of a tube?

A

Length of tube
Viscosity of the fluid
Radius of the tube

18
Q

In a blood vessel with a small diameter, what happens to the resistance? Why?

A

High resistance. Smaller tube means increased contact surface area between the tube and the fluid, which means more friction

19
Q

In a blood vessel with a large diameter, what happens to the resistance? Why?

A

Low resistance. Larger tube means less contact surface area and lower friction

20
Q

What is the relationship between resistance and radius?

A

Resistance is inversely proportional to radius to the 4th power

21
Q

What effect do small changes in the radius of a tube have on the resistance?

A

Large changes in resistance

22
Q

What are the 3 assumptions of Poiseuille’s Law? How does blood flow violate them?

A

Tube is rigid - blood vessels are not
Flow is laminar - some blood vessels have turbulent flow
Fluid has same viscosity throughout the tube - blood viscosity changes depending on the size of the vessel it’s in

23
Q

What happens to blood velocity in smaller vessels?

A

Slows down dramatically

24
Q

How does blood pressure change across the circulatory system?

A

High and variable in the left ventricle, still high but more constant in the arteries, starts to drop in the arterioles and keeps becoming more constant and keeps dropping

25
Q

What is the relationship between blood velocity and cross-sectional surface area?

A

Blood velocity is inversely proportional to cross-sectional surface area

26
Q

Which blood vessels have the highest resistance in the circulatory system?

A

Arterioles

27
Q

Why do arterioles have the highest resistance in the circulatory system?

A

They’re relatively narrow compared to the arteries and relatively few in number compared to the capillaries

28
Q

Which blood vessels are the most important for the distribution of blood flow?

A

Arterioles

29
Q

Why does blood flow need to be distributed?

A

Isn’t enough blood to fill every single capillary at all time

30
Q

Which two organs will always get a constant supply of blood regardless of how blood is distributed?

A

Brain and heart

Animal Physiology (32 decks)

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