Hemoglobin & Myoglobin

Question 0

Tetrameric polypeptide mainly utilized for oxygen transport

Answer 0

Hemoglobin

Question 1

The phenomenon that permits hgb to maximize both the quantity of O2 at the pO2 of the lungs and the quantity of O2 released at the pO2 of the peripheral tissues

Answer 1

Cooperative binding

Question 2

Hemoglobin is what kind of protein?

Answer 2

Functional

Question 3

By product of respiration

Answer 3

CO2

Question 5

Stabilizes the T-structure of Hgb

Answer 5

2-3 BPG

Question 6

Planar, slightly puckered, cyclic tetrapyrrole

Answer 6

Heme

Question 7

Reciprocal coupling of H+ and O2 binding

Answer 7

Bohr effect

Question 8

Mutations of Hgb that compromises biologic function

Answer 8

Hemoglobinopathies

Question 9

Transition from T state to R state are influenced by? (4)

Answer 9

Protons, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, BPG

Question 10

True or false: release of O2 at the peripheral tissue is accompanied by the uptake of proton due to he lowering of pka of histidine residues

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Genetic defects in the globin synthesis of hgb

Answer 11

Alpha and beta Thalassemias

Question 12

Treatment for CO poisoning

Answer 12

O2 theraphy

Question 13

Small molecules that binds to a protein at a site other than the catalytic site

Answer 13

Allosteric effectors

Question 14

It’s tertiary structure is a water soluble globular protein

Answer 14

Myoglobin

Question 15

Tetrameric protein composed of two pairs of alpha subunit and gamma subunit

Answer 15

Hbf

Question 16

The iron atom lies in the center of this

Answer 16

Protoporphyrin

Question 17

Fully saturated quaternary structure of oxygenated hemoglobin

Answer 17

R-state

Question 18

when there an increase in pKa what would be the effect on the hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Answer 18

Shift to the right = decreased O2 affinity

Question 20

Unit if pressure equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 1mm high at 0 degree celsius and standard gravity

Answer 20

Torr

Question 21

True or false: the strength of HbCO bond is less than the HbOxy bond

Answer 21

True - because the distal E7 histidine hinders the bonding of CO at the preferred 90 deg angle to the plane of the heme ring.

Question 22

Hemoglobin that can neither bind nor transport O2

Answer 22

Methemoglobin

Question 23

Normal HbA1c for diabetic patients

Answer 23

Less than 7%

Question 24

Increase in ph = ___ in oxygen affinity

Answer 24

Increase

Question 25

Intracellular storage site for oxygen

Answer 25

Myoglobin

Question 26

Key enzyme in Bohr effect

Answer 26

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 27

Responsible for the distinctive red color of blood

Answer 27

Heme

Question 28

Why does HbF binds less to 2,3 BPG than HbA?

Answer 28

Because the residue h21 of the gamma subunit of HbF is Ser which does not form a Salt Bridge. HbF has a higher affinity for O2 than HbA

Question 29

Distal histidine

Answer 29

His E7 or His 64

Question 30

Proximal histidine

Answer 30

His F8 or His 93

Question 31

Oxygen binding curve of Hgb

Answer 31

Sigmoidal curve

Question 32

This is released during O2 deprivation

Answer 32

Myoglobin

Question 34

Is is the set of fetal beta globin gene within the beta globin cluster

Answer 34

Gamma genes / beta gamma genes

Question 36

Effective CO3 transport process is referred to as

Answer 36

Isohydric transport

Question 38

What is the role of the Chloride ion Shift in the transport of CO2 and Bohr Effect

Answer 38

Maintains electrical neutrality - Homeostasis

Question 39

True or False: high pH is ideal for the formation of salt bridges.

Answer 39

False - because at high ph the side chain of histidine beta 146 is not protonated and the salt bridge does not form

Question 40

The alpha and beta globin genes are found on what chromosomes?

Answer 40

Alpha - chromosome 16 | Beta - chromosome 11

Question 41

2 types of hemoglobinopathies

Answer 41

Qualitative abnormalities - eg. Sickle cell anemia | Quantitative abnormalities - eg. Thalassemia

Question 42

Major Hgb at the embryonic development within the yolk sac

Answer 42

Hb Gower 1 (2 zeta, 2 eta)

Question 43

Increase on hydrogen ion concentration = ______ amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

Answer 43

Decrease

Question 44

A form of CO2 transported in the blood as a dissolved gas formed with the amino terminal nitrogens of the polypeptide chain 15% of CO2 in the body is transported this way.

Answer 44

Carbaminohemoglobin or carbhemoglobin or carbohemoglobin

Question 45

Caused by a single nucleotide substitution of valine for glutamate at position 6 on the beta subunit of hemoglobin

Answer 45

Sickle cell anemia

Question 46

Methemoglobin or hemoglobin M can arise from decrease activity of what enzyme?

Answer 46

Methemoglobin reductase