Hemoglobinz

Question 1

A protein in RBC that carry oxygen to body organs and tranpsort Co2 from organs to lungs

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

Each HB molecules contains 2 ______ and 2 ______ of polypeptides (globin)

Answer 2

Alpha and beta chains

Question 3

Each Hb chain contains _____ a nonprotein pigment complex

Answer 3

Heme

Question 4

Sythesis of Hb begins in _____ anf continue to reticuloctyes stage

Answer 4

Proethryoblast

Question 5

_____ and _____ can also bind to hemoglobin

Answer 5

CO2, CO

Question 6

Hb saturated with oxygen

Answer 6

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 7

Hb + combination of CO2

Answer 7

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 8

Competitive exclusion of oxygen makes _______ a dangerous gas as it binds to Hb at same site of O2 200 times more tightly

Answer 8

Carbon monoxide

Question 9

People with SCD hsve abnormal Hb called ______ or sickle hemoglobin where amino acid ______ is substituted by ________

Answer 9

Hb S; valine, glutamic acid

Question 10

total _____ averages 4-5 grams and is 65-70% in form of Hb

Answer 10

Iron

Question 11

The 15-30% iron is stored in reticuloendothelial system and liver parenchymal cells in form of

Answer 11

Ferritin

Question 12

Body saturated with Iron, rate of iron absoprtion from insteinsl tract is ______. Iron stored is depleted, rate of absorption _______

Answer 12

Decreased; accelerate

Question 13

2 major forms of dietary iron

1. ______ and is absorbed more efficiently, derived from myoglobin and hemoglobin (meat)
2. _______ may be either ferric/ferrous and from plant foods

Answer 13

Heme iron, nonheme

Question 14

Tends to form salt complex and not soluble to ph values higher than 3. Most iron in diet is in this form

Answer 14

Ferric iron

Question 15

Does not complex easily and soluble to pH value as high as 8

Answer 15

Ferrous iron

Question 16

________ forms soluble complex and reduce iron from ferric to ferrous enhancing iron absorption

Answer 16

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

Question 17

Found in tea, lower absorption of iron

Answer 17

Tannins

Question 18

Iron absorbed from all parts of smsll intestine mostly in ____

Answer 18

Duodenum

Question 19

Absorption ____ restricted to duodenum

Answer 19

Nonheme iron

Question 20

Transports of Fe2+ into enterocytes occurs via

Answer 20

Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)

Question 21

Ferric reductase ______ reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+ before uptake through DMT1

Answer 21

Dctyb

Question 22

Some iron in enterocytes can fombine with _____ (secreted by liver) to form _______ and stored in intestinal epithelium

Answer 22

Apoferritin, ferritin

Question 23

Remaining Fe2+ binds to _____ that ferries Fe2+ to basoletaral membrane then transported out by basolateral receptor called _____

Answer 23

Mobilferrin; ferroportin 1

Question 24

Fe2+ is oxidized by ______ to Fe3+ and bind to iron tranport protein apotransferrin as ______

Answer 24

Transferrin

Question 25

Heme iron enter cell either by binding to a ______ protein or through _____ mechanism

Answer 25

Brush border; endocytotic

Question 26

_______ **enzymatically** splits heme iron, releasing free Fe3+, CO, biliverdin. Cell **reduce** biliverdin to ________ which liver eventually **excretes** as ______

Answer 26

Heme oxygenase; bilirubin; bile

Question 27

A **iron regulating peptide** hormone made by the liver's _______ and is sometimes called **master iron regulator**, as tcontrols delivery of iron to blood plasma and such

Answer 27

Hepcidin; Kupffer's cells

Question 28

Down **regulate** duodenal iron absorption by regulating _____ activity as well as **binding and inactivating** the **cellular iron exporter** _______

Answer 28

DMT1; Ferroportin

Question 29

Obtain iron from **Hb synthesis** from **plasma** ______ coming from intestine

Answer 29

Eryhtroid progenitors; transferrin

Question 30

Capacity of storage of ferritin exceeds, iron **with phosphate and hydroxide** is form called _______ and if iron **excess beyond normal levels**, this will be deposited to skin, heart and liver

Answer 30

Hemosiderin

Question 31

Hemoglobin = ______ + ______ Heme = _____ + _______

Answer 31

Heme, globin; Fe2+, porphyrin;

Question 32

**Porphyrin** change into **ring** structure to **straight** chain structure called _______ or **green of bile**, which in turn is **reduced** to straight chain _______ or **red of the bile**

Answer 32

Biliverdin; bilirubin

Question 33

**Bilirubin** carried from liver in the bile may be excreted in feces as _______ or urine as _____

Answer 33

Stercobilin, urobilin

Question 34

Yellowing of skin due to **accumulation** of bilirubin in blood

Answer 34

Jaundice

Question 35

Deficiency of Hb or low hematocrit in blood

Answer 35

Anemia

Question 36

**percentage** of total blood volume composed of erythrocytes which ranges 40-54% men and 38-47% in women

Answer 36

Hematocrit

Question 37

Condition that results in an **increased** level of circulating red blood cells in bloodstream, increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC above normal limits

Answer 37

Polycythemia

Question 38

Documentation of increased **red cell mass**

Answer 38

Erythrocytosis