Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Blood II > Hemogram Review > Flashcards

Hemogram Review Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

CBC vs Blood Smear

A

CBC
* RBC
* TBC Indices
* WBC
* Differential WBC
* PCT / TP

Blood Smear
* RBC / WBC / Platelet Morphology
* Interpretation of shifts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal PCV

A
  • Dogs: 45% (37-55)
  • Cats: 37% (24-45)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Total Protein Normal

A

6.0 - 7.5 g/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RBC Normal Range

A

6-7 x 10^6 uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Determine RBC Count

A

PCV / 6
* label with ×10^6 /uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hbg Normal Range

A
  • Dogs: 12-18 g/dL
  • Cats: 8-15 g/dL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Determine Hgb

A

PCV / 3
* label with g/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MCV Normal Range

A
  • Dogs: 60-80 fL
  • Cats: 40-60 fL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MCV Calculations

A
  • PCV x 10 divided by RBC
  • Label in fL (femtoliters)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MCH Formula and Normal

A
  • Hgb x 10 divided by RBC
  • Normal = 20 pg (picograms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MCHC Calculations & Normal Range

A
  • Hbg x 100 divided PCV
  • Normal = 30-36 g/dL or %
  • Most accurate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reticulocytes and Regeneration

A

Considered a regenerative response if reticulocyte count (absolute) is >100,000 /uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Observed Retic Count

A

Number of reticulocytes per 1000 RBCs
* number counted per 10 fields, divide by 1000
* times by 100 to turn into a percent (%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corrected Retics Count

A

Calculated to take patient’s degree of anemia into account
* observed % x patient PCV / normal PCV
* keep all numbers in % form
* answer in %

Should always be lower than observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Absolute Retics Formula

A

Observed (not %) x RBC
* answer in uL
* use whole RBC number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymphocyte vs Reticulocyte

A

Reticulocyte
* more cytoplasm
* denser, smaller nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aggregate Retics

A
  • Most common
  • Counted
  • Contain large clumps of reticulum (more than 5 clumps)
  • Younger
  • Active regeneration when seen in cat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Punctate Retics

A
  • Variable number of “dots” that clump (<5)
  • Older
  • Not counted in feline
  • Unique to cats
  • Do not stain polychromatiphilic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rouleaux

A
  • Stacked RBCs
  • Common in cats
  • Will separate with saline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rouleaux Cause

A
  • Increases with increased globulin concentation (inflammation)
  • Artifact with older blood before smear or if refrigerated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Agglutination

A
  • Clumping of cells
  • Will not separate with saline
  • Seen in cases of autoimmune disease
  • Form due to excess antibodies on cell surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Polychromasia

A
  • Variation in cell colors
  • Immature RBC stains blue
  • Slight, Moderate, or Marked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anisocytosis

A
  • Abnormal variation in RBC size
  • Slight, Moderate, or Marked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nucleated RBC

A
  • Counted as WBC on cell counter
  • Metarubricytes (step before reticulocyte)
  • May be seen in regeneration, IMHA, lead poisoning, liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Echinocytes * even distributions * caused by crenation or too much EDTA * sign of renal disease
26
Acanthocytes * uneven distributions * see with hemolytic anemia, liver disease, hemangiosarcoma, or DIC
27
Keratocyte * blister cells * caused by oxidative injury to cell or intravascular trauma * see with liver disease
28
Schistocytes * fragments of RBCs sheared from intravascular trauma * see with DIC * quantitate with a percentage
29
Heinz Bodies * oxidation and denaturation of hemoglobin in RBC * common in cats * caused by ingestion of onions, tylenol, and certain drugs * quantitate with a percentage
30
Eccentrocyte * hemoglobin concentrated to one side of cell * oxidative injury of RBC * Dog: zinc or onion toxicity * Cat: tylenol, lymphoma, diabetes, hyperthyroid
31
Howell-Jolly Bodies * nuclear remnant inside RBC * sign of regeneration * if no reticulocytes seen, consider macrophage dysfunction (splenic)
32
Spherocytes * lack central pallor * macrophages partially eating antibody coating on cell * see in IMHA * quantitate with a percentage
33
Leptocytes
* Large cells with thin membrane and fold easily * Target cells - codocytes * Barr cells - knizocytes * Sign of liver disease * Report as either target or barr cells
34
Barr Cell - Knizocyte
35
Stomatocyte * coffee bean look * cell folded * usually seen with hypochromasia
36
Anemia Causes
1. Blood loss 2. Hemolysis 3. Lack of production
37
Signs of Regeneration
* Nucleated RBCs * Anisocytosis * Polychromasia * HJB
38
Regenerative Anemia | Characteristics (5)
* Decreased PCV * Increased reticulocyte count * Polychromasia and Anisocytosis in blood film * Elevated MCV * Decreased MCHC
39
Non-Regenerative Anemia | Characteristics
* Decreased PCV * No reticulocytosis * Needs a bone marrow exam
40
Normal Platelet Count | Dogs vs Cat
Dog * 200,000 - 500,000 /uL * average 300,000 Cat * 300,000 - 700,000 /uL * average 450,000
41
Platelet Counting
* 8-12 platelets / oil field * 1 platelet/field = 15-20,000 /uL * Describe as adequate, increased, or decreased * Can't detect abnormal morphology
42
BMBT
* Buccal Mucosa Bleeding Time * Primary test for detecting thrombopathia * Normal: 1-5 minutes
43
Blood Smear WBC Count
* Normal: 10-30 WBCs per x10 counting field * # (average) x 10 = WBCs /uL
44
WBC | Normal Range
* 6,000-16,000 / uL * Absolute vs %
45
Neutrophil Normal Range
3,000 - 11,300 /uL
46
Banded Normal Range
0 - 400 /uL * left shift when >500 /uL
47
Lymphocyte Normal Range
1,000 - 4,800 /uL
48
Monocyte Normal Range
200 - 1,300 /uL
49
Eosinophil Normal Range
100 - 750 /uL
50
Basophil Normal Range
0 - 30 /uL
51
SMILED
When **stressed**, you should smile * Segs and * Monos * Increased * Lymphs and * Eosins * Decreased
52
Neutrophilia
* High neutrophil count * Acute inflammation
53
Neutropenia
* Low neutrophil count * Severe infection
54
Toxic Change | Appearance
* Neutrophil with basophilic cytoplasm * Dohle bodies * "Foaminess" * Vacuoles
55
Toxic Change Cause
* Inflammation * Infection (bacterial) * Drug toxicity
56
Nuclear Hypersegmentation
* Nucleus with >5 segments * Caused by aging of neutrophil - stress or prolonged storage * Report only if seeing lots
57
Pelger-Huet Anomaly
* Nuclear hyposegmentation * Common in Aussies * Chromatin still condensed * Look like bands - nucleus looks mature, darker
58
Lymphocytosis
* Increased lymphocyte count * Vaccinations or Viral response * May see with young animals (immunity)
59
Lymphopenia
* Decreased lymphocyte count * Stress
60
Eosinophilia
* Increased eosinophils * Allergies, Fleas, HW
61
Eosinopenia
* Low eosinophil count * Stress or Steroids
62
Eosinophils | Granual Shapes
* Pink coloration * Dogs: round shaped * Cats: rod shaped (fills cytoplasm) * Greyhounds don't stain
63
Monocytosis
* Increased monocyte count * Chronic inflammation
64
Basophilia
* Increased basophil count * Parasites and Allergies

Blood II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions