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Module 5 Hematology > Hemopoiesis/ blood formation > Flashcards

Hemopoiesis/ blood formation Flashcards

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1
Q

Process of producing mature formed elements of blood
from stem cells
-200 billion RBC in adults.
-10 billion neutrophil

A

HEMOPOIESIS

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2
Q

branches of hemopoiesis

A

➔ Erythropoiesis: production of RBCs
➔ Thrombopoiesis: production of platelets
➔ Granulopoiesis: production of granulocytes
➔ Monopoiesis: production of monocytes
➔ Lymphopoiesis: production of lymphocytes

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3
Q

governs blood cell formation during prenatal life (in

A

mesoderm of the yolk sac

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4
Q

site of formation

A

mesoderm of yolk sac —> liver —> spleen —> bone

marrow

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5
Q

the site of blood cell formation after the 2nd

month of intrauterine life as long bones begin to ossify

A

bone marrow

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6
Q

postnatlly where is the bone formation

excpet of lymphopoiesis

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

occurs in bone marrow and

lymphoid tissue and organs

A

Lymphopoiesis:

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8
Q

➔Tissue where all formed elements of blood develop from

primitive stem cells to their mature form

A

Site of Hematopoiesis

Hemopoietic tissue

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9
Q
  • site of all forms of hemopoiesis
  • red bone marrow
    -in sternnum, ilium
    in spongy flat bones, humerus and femur
    -
A

MYELOID TISSUE

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10
Q

Framework for a complicated network of interconnecting

spaces called marrow cavities/ spaces

A

Stroma

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11
Q

functional elements in the stroma cavities

  • has blood cells
  • adipose cells
  • sinusoids
A

Parenchma

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12
Q
  • Composed of endothelial cells that form the lining of

epithelium

A

➔ Sinusoids

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13
Q

external to
endothelial cells; Phagocytose particulate matter in
sinusoidal blood and marrow spaces

A

Perisinusoidal macrophages:

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14
Q
  • newly matured rbs go to circulating blood
A

Transcellular migration

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15
Q

Temporary opening that allows the blood cell to
reach the lumen of the sinusoid
- Formed when a mature blood cell presses on
endothelial cell that lines a bone marrow sinusoid
- Closes as soon as blood cell has passed

A

migration pore

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16
Q

Only lymphocytes are produced
● Important for immune response for protection against
infection

A

site of all forms of lymphopoiesis

LYMPHOID TISSUE

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17
Q

origin of formed elements of blood

A

Can be traced back to a single cell,

fertilized ovum or zygote

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18
Q

(committed

to the formation of a single cell),

A

unipotent

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19
Q

They differentiate into: Totipotent —> unipotent

they get more restricted in
their lineage potential. capacity to multiply decreases

A

Stem cells

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20
Q

union of sperm and egg cell
- cell division
totipotent

A

FERTILIZED OVUM (ZYGOTE)

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21
Q

give rise to any type of human cell,
placenta cell or cell of fetal membranes; amnion and
chorion)

A

Totipotent

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22
Q
  • mulberry like
  • blastomeres so called cells in this stage
  • forms during first few days of embryo dev
  • totipotent
A

MORULA

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23
Q
  • day 4 in intrauterin life
  • embryo is filled with fluid
  • no more true totipotent cells
A

blastocysts

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24
Q

2 tyes of blastocycts

A

Trophoblast

Inner cell mass

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25
enclosing wall of blastocyst | - stem cell for placenta and fetal membranes
TROPHOBLAST
26
a.k.a. embryonic stem cells - gives rise to fetus - no longer totipotent - subsequent divisions of inner cell mass give rise to more pluripotent stem cells
INNER CELL MASS (on one pole)
27
differentiate into any cell type (multipotent stem cells) ● Can renew their numbers infinitely - decreases after 4th day of intrauterine life
PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
28
``` versatile ● can transform into numerous, albeit finite, types of cell and replicate very fast ● plentiful in embryo - rare in adults ```
MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS
29
examples of multipotent stem cells
Mesenchymal cell neuronal stem cells glial cells hemapoietic stem cell
30
give rise to connective tissue | cells, muscle cells, chondrocytes and osteocytes
Mesenchymal cells
31
give rise to neurons
Neuronal stem cells
32
produced formed | elements of blood
Hematopoietic stem cells
33
cells give rise to glial cells
Glial stem cells
34
- numerous in embryo' dew in adults - present in red bone marrow - in yolk sac early as 2nd week of E.Life - liver then spleen also bone marrow
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
35
control proliferation and differentiation of various cell | lineages from earliest stem cells to mature cells
HEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR AND HORMONES
36
where are hormones produced
Organs that includes Erythropoietin (EPO) Thrombopoietin (TPO)
37
principal regulator of RBC production. - glycoprotein produced by the kidneys and liver - differentiates cells of erythroid lineage
Erythropoietin (EPO)
38
primary regulator of megakaryocytes and platelet production - produced by liver and kidneys - stimulates the production and differentiation of the cells in the megakaryocytic lineage
Thrombopoietin (TPO)
39
-produced within the bone marrow by stromal cells,monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and some lymphocytes -
HORMONE-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS
40
stimulates the proliferation and | differentiation of multipotent stem cells.
Stem cell factor (SCF)
41
stimulates the production and differentiation of the stem | cells of the neutrophilic lineage.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF
42
stimulates the production, growth, and differentiation of the cells of the basophilic and eosinophilic -well as erythroid, neutrophilic, and monolytic lineages.
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor | GM-CSF
43
stimulates monopoiesis
Monocytes colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
44
to differentiating into cells of certain hemopoietic | lineages (progenitor cells):
PROGENITOR CELLS
45
cells of certain hemopoietic | lineages (progenitor cells):
- B stem cell and T stem cell - DC stem cells - Myeloid Stem cells
46
2 TYPES OF PROGENITOR CELLS
Early Progenitor Cell. | Late Progenitor Cell
47
type of progenitor cell -Multipotent (pluripotential) or have extensive proliferative capacity (ex. B stem cell, T stem cell, DC stem cell and Myeloid stem cell)
Early Progenitor Cell
48
type of progenitor cell - usually unipotential and have limited proliferative capacity ➔ CFU-Eo, CFU-Bas, CFU-Mast
Late Progenitor Cell
49
- retains capacity to divide and renew - differentiate into - (CFU-GEMM) - CFU-GM
MYELOID STEM CELL
50
what does CFU GEMM ColonyForming UnitGranulocyte, Erythroid, Macrophage, Megakaryocyte differentiate into
- BurstForming UnitErythroid (BFU-E), - BurstForming UnitMegakaryocyte (BFU-MK), ``` - ColonyForming UnitGranulocyte Macrophage (CFU-GM), ``` - ColonyFormingUnitBasophil (CFU-Bas), - ColonyForming UnitMast Cell (CFU-Mast)
51
CFU-GM gives rise to
- CF-G (Colony-Forming Unit Granulocyte): produce neutrophils - CFU-M/DC (CFU-Monocyte/Dendritic cell): produce monocytes or myeloid related dendritic cells - CFU-GM: stem cell for osteoclasts
52
chief regulator of erythropoiesis (production of RBCs); promotes the differentiation of progenitor cells into mature RBCs
Erythropoietin-
53
stages of erythropoiesis
``` ● Proerythroblast ● Basophilic Erythroblast ● Polychromatophilic Erythroblast ● Normoblast ● Reticulocyte ● Red Blood Cell ```
54
how long does rbc take to mature
about 1 week for the proerythroblast to transform into a mature red blood cell undergoes 3-5 cell divisions
55
erythropoeisis capable of mitosis
proerythroblast and basophilic | erythroblast
56
- pronormoblast - spehrical centrally located cytoplasm is scanty basophilic - absence of hemoglobin
PROERYTHROBLAST
57
- basophilic normoblast - nucleus = spehrical 75% of the cell - clock face pattern - basophilic with hemoglobin
BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
58
``` polychromatophilic normoblast or intermediate normoblast - smaller than basophilic eryth - 50% of the cell significant amount of hemoglobin ```
POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
59
- orthochromatophilic erythroblast or late normoblast - Eccentric, pyknotic nucleus that occupies 25% of the cell acidophilic cyto, degenarating mito and golgi less hemo
NORMOBLAST
60
``` polychromatophilic erythrocyte - larger than rbc no nucleus - still synthesize hemo - 0.8% of rbcs in the blood ```
RETICULOCYTE
61
developing RBC matures, its nucleus becomes progressively smaller until finally becoming pyknotic and reticulocyte stage has already been extruded - diminishes in size - cell from basophilic to eosinophilic
ERYTHROCYTE/RED BLOOD CELL
62
Neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic myeloblast go through several stages of differentiation before they become mature granulocytes.
GRANULOPOIESIS
63
stages of granulopoiesis
➔ Promyelocyte ➔ Myelocyte ➔ Metamyelocyte
64
- large precursor cell - limited mitotic 0 round - Progenies differentiate into promyelocytes Moderately basophilic ➔ No cytoplasmic granules ➔ In EM - abundant mitochondria, ribosomes and well developed rER
MYELOBLAST
65
- larger than myeloblast - look alike in lm - no nucleolus - round oval as well - More basophilic than myeloblast - has azurophilic granules -well-developed rER are present ➔ Capable of mitosis
PROMYELOCYTE

Module 5 Hematology (4 decks)

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