Hemostasis Flashcards by Meatballs ..

Blood clot dissolution.

Fibrinolysis

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What are the 2 Major Parts of Physiologic Hemostatic System?

Cellular components and Plasma Proteins

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What are the cellular components of Physiologic Hemostatic System?

Platelets, Endothelial cells (ECs), Neutrophils, Monocytes

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Group of plasma proteins participates in _____, _____ and _____.

Clot formation (coagulation); Dissolution of clots (fibrinolysis); Naturally occurring serine proteas inhibitions (Anti- coagulant)

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What happens during primary hemostatis? _____-> _____-> _____-> _____->.

Vasoconstriction → Platelet Adhesion → Platelet Aggregation → Platelet Secretion

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Constriction or narrowing of the (lumen) diameter of blood vessel to decrease blood flow.

Vasoconstriction

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The purpose is to decrease the blood flow especially when a blood vessel is injured to prevent continuous bleeding.

Vasoconstriction

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During vasoconstriction, collagen (sub-endothelial collagen) residing in the connective tissue will _______.

activate platelets

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Bring deoxygenated blood from body tissues to heart.

Veins

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Where the gas exchange happen, when venous and arterial blood components are found.

Capillaries

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Brings oxygenated blood from heart to body tissues.

Arteries

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Outermost layer of blood vessels.

Vascular Adventitia

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Middle layer of blood vessel.

Vascular Media

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Inner layer of blood vessel.

Vascular Intima

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Made up of simple squamous epithelium cells which are involved in clotting process by producing and storing clotting component.

endothelial cells (endothelium)

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Produces majority of the collagen.

Fibroblast

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Regulates the permeability of the inner vessel wall.

Connective tissue Matrix

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Highly active metabolically; involved in the clotting process by producing or storing clotting components.

Endothelium

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Upon vessel injury, endothelium will release ______ and once healed, it will release _______.

prothrombotic components; antithrombotic or fibrinolytic component

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The platelet will stick/bind to the endothelial cells.

Platelet adhesion

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True/ false. Platelet adhesion is a reversible process.

True

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Platelet bind to a non-platelet surfaces (sub-endothelial collagen).

Platelet adhesion

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Promotes platelet adhesion and Binds to platelet via platelet glycoprotein receptor (GP Ib/IX/V).

VWF

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Important components in Platelet adhesion are ____ and ____.

VWF and Glycoprotein membrane

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VWF is absent or defective; Bleeding tendencies/risk.

VWF Disease

True/ False. Platelet Aggregation is irreversible.

True

The platelet will stick/bind to other platelets.

Platelet Aggregation

Important components in Platelet aggregation are ____, ______ and _______.

GP IIb/IIIa receptor, fibrinogen and calcium

When platelets are activated, a change in _____ allows binding of fibrinogen as well as VWF and fibronectin which results in ______.

GP IIb/IIIa receptor; PLATELET CLUMPING

Fibrinogen is one of the coagulation factor known as _____.

FACTOR I

____act as glue for GP IIb/IIa receptors but with the presence or help of calcium.

Fibrinogen

Binds to GP IIb/IIIa receptors on adjacent platelet and joins them together in the presence of Ionized/Activated calcium (Ca2+).

Fibrinogen

____is also one of the coagulation factor also known as FACTOR IV but preferred to be called by its chemical name.

Calcium

Absence of GP IIb/IIIa platelet membrane receptor that is a problem with the aggregation process.

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Lack of fibrinogen.

Afibrogenemia

Low levels of normal fibrinogen (functional but decrease in concentration.

Hypofibrogenemia

Dysfunctional or defective fibrinogen (normal in count but dysfunctional).

Dysfibrogenemia

The platelet will release granules (alpha and dense granules).

Platelet Secretion

Platelet discharged the contents of its granules.

Platelet Secretion

Platelet Secretion occurs during _____ (accd. to Rodaks) and (accd. to Henry’s).

aggregation; late stage of platelet activation

What are the Platelet a-granules?

B-thromboglobulin, Factor V, Factor XI, Protein S, Fibrinogen, VWF, Platelet Factor 4, Platelet-derived Growth factor

What are the Platelet Dense granules?

Adenosine diphosphate (activates neighboring platelets), Adenosine triphosphate, Calcium (Ca++), Serotonin (vasoconstrictor) Activates phospholipase A2. ADP and Ca++

Activates phospholipase A2.

ADP and Ca++

Converts membrane phospholipids to Arachidonic Acid.

Phospholipase A2

Converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxidase.

Cyclooxygenase

Caused ionized calcium to be released; Promoted platelet aggregation; Promotes vasoconstriction.

Thromboxane A2

Happens when a person takes aspirin.

Aspirin Acetylation/Aspirin Light Effect

If this occur, it will permanently inactivates cyclooxygenase.

Aspirin Acetylation/Aspirin Light Effect

Blocks thromboxane A2 production.

Aspirin Acetylation/Aspirin Light Effect

When there’s normal Platelet Count but with bleeding risk, qualitative and quantitative exam like when there’s normal Platelet Count but with bleeding risk → qualitative and quantitative exam like ______ is done to assess platelet function of the patient.

CTBT

Key surface for coagulation enzyme-cofactor-substrate complex formation.

Platelet Membrane

Secondary hemostasis: ______ → ______ → ______.

Coagulation → Fibrin Clot formation → Fibrin Stabilization

During secondary hemostasis, at least ______ is transported by plasma.

16 pro-coagulants

What are the 4 Categories of Plasma-based Components of the Coagulation System of Blood clotting?

Zymogens, cofactors, control proteins, fibrinogen substrate

Inactive form of enzymes.

Zymogens (Procoagulants)

What are the procoagulant in secondary hemostasis?

• Pre-Kallikrein • FXII • FXI • FX • FVII • Prothrombin • FXIII

Binds (to zymogen in their activated form), stabilized and enhance activity of their respective enzymes.

Cofactors

What are the cofactors in secondary hemostasis?

• HMWK • Tissue factor • FVII • FV • Protein Z • Protein S • Thrombomodulin

Serve the important functions of regulating the coagulation process to avoid unnecessary blood clotting.

Control Proteins

Substrate for the enzymatic action of thrombin, the primary enzyme of the coagulation system.

Fibrinogen Substrate

What is the name of factor 1?

Fibrinogen

What is the name of factor 2?

Prothrombin

What is the name of factor 3?

Tissue thromboplastin

What is the name of factor 4?

Plasma cation calcium

What is the name of factor 5?

Proaccelerin

What is the name of factor 7?

Proconvertin

What is the name of factor 8?

Antihemophilic factor

What is the name of factor 9?

Plasma thromboplastin component

What is the name of factor 10?

Stuart factor

What is the name of factor 11?

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

What is the name of factor 12?

Hageman factor

What is the name of factor 13?

Fibrin- stabilizing factor

What is the alternative name of factor 3?

Tissue factor

What is the alternative name of factor 5?

Labile Factor, Ac globulin

What is the alternative name of factor 7?

Stable Factor, SPCA (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator *1949) Prev: cothromboplastin, stable component, convertin

What is the alternative name of factor 8?

AHG, Antihemophilic Factor A

What is the alternative name of factor 9?

Christmas Factor, Antihemophilic Factor B

What is the alternative name of factor 10?

Stuart-Prower Factor

What is the alternative name of factor 11?

PTA, Antihemophilic Factor C

What is the alternative name of factor 12?

Glass or contact factor

What is the alternative name of factor 13?

FSF

Alternative name of Prekallekrein.

Fletcher Factor

Alternative name of HMW Kininogen.

Fitzgerald Factor

Alternative name of VWF.

Factor VIII-related antigen

What are the Classification of Coagulation Factors?

Fibrinogen group, prothrombin group, contact group

What are the factors in fibrinogen group?

I, V, VIII, XIII

What are the factors in prothrombin group?

II, VII, IX, X

What are the factors in contact group?

XI, XII, PK, HMWK

Consumed during the process of coagulation; Calcium dependent; Vitamin K independent.

Fibrinogen group

Adsorbable and affected by coumadin (PIVKAS); Calcium and vitamin K dependent; Inhibited by Warfarin.

Prothrombin group

Not consumed during the process of coagulation; Calcium and vitamin K dependent; Involved in intrinsic coagulation pathway.

Contact group

Hemostasis Flashcards

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