Hemostasis

Question 1

Molecule secreted from damaged endothelium that induces vasoconstriction

Answer 1

Endothelin-1

Question 2

Anticoagulation factors secreted by endothelium

Answer 2

Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Nitric Oxide
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)
Thrombomodulin

Question 3

Procoagulant factors secreted by endothelium

Answer 3

Tissue Factor
Platelet activating factor (PAF)
Von Willebrand factor
Plasminogen Activating Inhibitor-1

Question 4

Major stimulus for thrombopoiesis

Answer 4

Thrombopoietin

Question 5

Platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor

Answer 5

GPIb

Question 6

Platelet surface receptor for fibrinogen

Answer 6

GPIIb/IIIa

Question 7

Which platelet granule contains ADP

Answer 7

Dense granules

Question 8

What is the major effect of ADP on platelets?

Answer 8

Mobilizes intracellular calcium stores

Question 9

What are the major anticoagulation molecules?

Answer 9

Protein C
Protein S
Antithrombin III
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

Question 10

Activation of which clotting factors amplifies thrombin production?

Answer 10

FV

FVIII

Question 11

Pro-inflammatory stimuli induce expression of which pro-coag molecule on endothelium?

Answer 11

Tissue Factor

Question 12

Which coag factor is an important acute phase protein?

Answer 12

FVIII

Question 13

Activation of which molecule initiates pathway to DIC

Answer 13

Tissue factor

Question 14

Gene affected in Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Answer 14

CHS-1

Question 15

What do platelet a-Granules contain?

Answer 15

P-Selectin
Clotting: fibrinogen, FV, vWF, Protease Nexin 2
Healing: finronectin, platelet factor 4, PDGF, TGF-B

Question 16

What do platelet dense granules contain?

Answer 16

ADP
ATP
Calcium
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Histamine

Question 17

What triggers platelet activation?

Answer 17

Thrombin
ADP
PAF

Question 18

Which clotting factor deficiencies cause moderate to severe bleeding?

Answer 18

V
VII
VIII
IX
X

Question 19

What enhances plasminogen activation?

Answer 19

Tissue plasminogen activators (tPA)

Question 20

What is the major plasmin inhibitor?

Answer 20

a-2 antiplasmin

Question 21

Heparin-like molecules activate which molecule and effect

Answer 21

ATIII
Inactivates thrombin and FX
Potent inhibitor of coagulation

Question 22

Deficiencies of which factor cause a pro-coagulation state

Answer 22

XII

Syn. Hageman Factor

Question 23

Which factors are inhibited by ATIII?

Answer 23

IX
X
XI
XII

Question 24

Which factors are in activated by protein C

Answer 24

V

VIII

Question 25

What factor does Protease Nexin 2 inhibit?

Answer 25

XI

Question 26

Pro vs. Anti Coagulation? | Thrombospondin

Answer 26

Pro

Question 27

Pro vs. Anti Coagulation? | Platelet Factor 4

Answer 27

Pro

Question 28

Pro vs. Anti Coagulation? | Protease Nexin 2

Answer 28

Anti

Question 29

Annexin V

Answer 29

Displaces coag. factors bound to membranes | Anti-Coag

Question 30

a1- antitryspin inhibits which factor?

Answer 30

XI

Question 31

Major Protein C inhibitor

Answer 31

a2-Macroglobulin

Question 32

Which is the Christmas Factor?

Answer 32

IX

Question 33

Which is the Laki-Lorland Factor and its function

Answer 33

XIII | Fibrin cross linking

Question 34

Which factor is also called Proaccelerin?

Answer 34

V

Question 35

Hemophilia A

Answer 35

VIII

Question 36

Hemophilia B

Answer 36

IX

Question 37

Pro-thrombin time

Answer 37

Extrinsic and common pathway

Question 38

Activated partial thromboplastin time

Answer 38

Intrinsic and common pathway

Question 39

Which factor is not degraded by ATIII?

Answer 39

VII

Question 40

Early stage anticoagulant toxicity causes which? prolonged PT or PTT? Why?

Answer 40

PT because FVII has the shortest half-life

Question 41

Enzymes in snake venom can activate which factors?

Answer 41

V X Thrombin

Question 42

Coag. factors missing in birds

Answer 42

XII Prekallikrein HMWK

Question 43

What conditions cause increased APTT

Answer 43

``` Hemophilia (A or B) FXII deficiency Prekallikrein deficiency DIC Vit K antagonism/deficiency Liver Failure ```

Question 44

What does APTT stand for and measure?

Answer 44

Activated partial thromboplastin time | Measures intrinsic & common pathways.

Question 45

What conditions cause increased PT

Answer 45

FVII deficiency DIC Vit K antagonism/deficiency Liver Failure

Question 46

What test is used to monitor effectiveness of Vit K Tx for anticoagulant toxicity?

Answer 46

PT (b/c FVII has the shortest 1/2 life)

Question 47

Which anticoagulant molecule is Vit K dependent?

Answer 47

Protein C

Question 48

What does the Russell viper venom test measures?

Answer 48

Common pathway (FX, V, II or fibrinogen)

Question 49

What is the most sensitive test to detect hypofibrinogenemia/ dysfibrinogenemia?

Answer 49

Thrombin Time

Question 50

Causes of increased FDP?

Answer 50

DIC Severe internal bleeding/localized thrombosis Severe liver disease (not cleared)

Question 51

What is measured to detect secondary fibrinolysis?

Answer 51

D-dimer

Question 52

What are reticulated platelets?

Answer 52

Increased RNA b/c of recent bone marrow release. | Indicative of a responsive thrombopoisis

Question 53

Platelet abnormality of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels | And cause

Answer 53

Macrothrombocytopenia | Beta1-tubulin gene mutation

Question 54

Why do animals with CHS bleed?

Answer 54

Platelet dysfunction (lack of dense granules)

Question 55

Abnormality associated with Glanzmann Thromboasthenia

Answer 55

GpIIb/IIIa deficiency (syn. alpha IIb/beta 3)

Question 56

What pathway does ACT measure?

Answer 56

Intrinsic and common

Question 57

What does thrombin time indicate?

Answer 57

Functional fibrinogen