hemostasis Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

the process of hemostasis involves what 4 things?

A

vessel wall,
platelets,
coagulation cascade,
fibrinolytic system

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2
Q

cell based theory of coagulation

A

posits that coagulation occurs on different cell surfaces that contain tissue factor (TF)

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3
Q

vessel structure of arteries and veins

A
tunica adventia(outer),
tunica media,
tunica intima
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4
Q

vessel structure of capillaries

A

single layer of endothelial

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5
Q

endothelial cells synthesize and secrete

A

procoagulants,
anitcoagulants,
fibrinolytics (vWF, tissue factor, NO, prostacyclin, thromboxane a2, ADP, tissue factor pathway inhibitor

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6
Q

the tunica intima (endothelial layer) forms a barrier separating fluid contents within the blood vessel from the highly ________ material that lies in the tunica media

A

thrombogenic

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7
Q

necessary cofactor for adherence of platelets to the subendothelial layer

A

Von Willebrand factor (vWF)

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8
Q

Activates the clotting cascade pathway when injury to the vessel occurs

A

tissue factor

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9
Q

endothelial cells- vasoconstriction

A

thromboxane A2,
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP),
Setotonin

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10
Q

endothelial cells- vasodilation

A

nitric oxide,

prostacyclin

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11
Q

endothelial cells- coagulation inhibitors

A

tissue factor pathway inhibitor

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12
Q

extremely thrombogenic, very active, collagen and fibronectin

A

tunica media-subendothelial

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13
Q

control of blood flow by influencing the vessel’s degree of contraction via vasodilation by: NO, Prostacyclin

A

tunica adventitia- third layer

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14
Q

Mediators of intima

A

vWF,
tissue factor,
prostacyclin,
nitric oxide

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15
Q

mediators of media layer

A

collagen and fibronectin

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16
Q

mediators of adventitia

A

nitric oxide and prostacyclin

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17
Q

procoagulant mediators

A

collagen, vWF, and fibronectin (coagulation factors, protein c and s, thrombomodulin)

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18
Q

collagen function

A

tensile strength

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19
Q

vWF function

A

adhesion

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20
Q

protein c function

A

degrades factors v and VII

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21
Q

protein s function

A

cofactor for protein c

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22
Q

fibronectin function

A

mediates cell adhesion

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23
Q

thrombomodulin function

A

regulates anticoagulant pathway

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24
Q

anticoagulant mediators

A

antithrombin II and tissue pathway factor inhibitor

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25
Antithrombin II function
degrades factors XII, XI, X, IX, II
26
tissue pathway factor inhibitor function
inhibits tissue factor
27
vasodilation mediators
nitric oxide and prostacyclin
28
prostacyclin function
vasodialates, inhibits aggregation (both prostacyclin and NO promote smooth-muscle relaxation)
29
vasoconstriction mediators
thromboxane A2, ADP, and serotonin
30
Fibrinolytic mediators
plasminogen, tPA, and urokinase
31
Plasminogen function
converts to plasmin
32
tPA and urokinase functions
activates plasmin
33
antifibrinolytic mediators
plasminogen activator inhibitor, and a-antiplasmin
34
plasminogen activator inhibitor function
inactivates tPA, urokinase
35
a-Antiplasmin function
inhibits plasmin
36
Essential component to the thrombogenic response, | round, disk like, circulate freely in the blood
the Platelet
37
Where is the platelet formed?
in the bone marrow
38
Daily use of plts by body
7.1x10^3 (7,100)
39
platelet cell characteristics
contain mitochondria, glycogen stores, | contractile proteins, calcium, enzymes
40
alpha granules
``` vWF, fibrinogen, fibronectin, platelet factor 4, platelet growth factor, (VFFPP) ```
41
Dense granules
``` Serotonin, ADP, ATP, Histamine, Epinephrine ```
42
Do platelet cell produce thrombin?
yes, activates coag factors and influence recruitment of platelets
43
Do platelets have a nucleuse, RNA, DNA?
NO
44
T/F: Plts are inactive unless activated as a result of tissue trauma
TRUE
45
IS adequate hemostasis possible in the absence of activated platelets?
NO
46
formation of plug involves
adhesion, activation, aggregation
47
adhesion involves
vWF mobilizes from endothelial cells, glycoprotein Ib receptors emerge from surface of platelet. GpIb attaches to vWF and attracts additional plts to the endothlial lining while vWF makes plts "sticky"
48
What causes the platelt to undergo a conformational change and become________
tissue factor "activated"
49
What are the little cell feet activated platelets show?
pseudopodia
50
When the GpIIb-IIIa receptor complex links activated platelets together to form a primary platelet plug, this is known as?
aggregation
51
As plts undergo this "activation" process they release _____ and _____ granules, contractile granules, thrombin, and procoagulant mediators into the blood.
alpha and dense
52
coagulation cofactors are known as
zymogens
53
cofactors are enzymes with the exception of factor __ and ___ and circulate in an inactive state until activated
V and VIII
54
Factor I: name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
fibrinogen, Liver, No vit k, Forms a clot
55
Factor II: name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
Prothrombin, Liver, Yes vit k, when activated, activates I,V,, VII, XIII, plts, and protein C
56
Factor III: name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
Tissue Factor or Thromboplastin, Vascular wall and extravascular cell membranes, released from traumatized cells, Cofactor of VII
57
Factor IV:name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
Calcium, Diet, Promotes clotting reactions
58
Factor V: name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
Proaccelerin, Liver, No vit k, Cofactor of X, forms a prothombinase complex
59
Factor VII: name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
Proconvertin, Liver, YEs vit k, Activates IX and X
60
Factor XIII: name, synthesized, vit k dep, action
Antihemophiliac, Liver, No vit k, Cofactor to IX