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Physiology > Hemostasis, chap 36 guyton 11th (P457) > Flashcards

Hemostasis, chap 36 guyton 11th (P457) Flashcards

0
Q

Events in hemostasis are?

A
  1. Vascular construction
  2. Formation of a PLATELET PLUG
  3. formation of BLOOD CLOT
  4. Growth of FIBROUS TISSUE

P457

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1
Q

It means prevention of blood loss.

A

HEMOSTASIS

P457

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2
Q

Immediate result of blood vessel trauma?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in BV wall.

P457

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3
Q

Results of smooth muscle contraction (in vascular constriction) are?

A
  1. Local myogenic SPASM
  2. Local AUTOCOID factors
  3. Nervous reflexes

P457

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4
Q

Vasoconstrictor produced by platelets

A

Thromboxane A2 (A sub 2)

P457

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5
Q

I’m a PLATELET, what’s INSIDE me? (8)

A

(FOR CONTACTION)

  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Thrombosthenin

(ENZYME SYNTHESIS, CA++ STORAGE)

  1. ER
  2. Golgi apparatus

(ENERGY)
6. MITOCHONDRIA

(COAGULATION)
7. Fibrin-stabilizing factor

(MULTIPLICATION OF ENTHOTHELIAL CELLS, VASCUALR SMOOTH MUSCLE AND FIBROBLAST)
8. Growth factor

P457

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6
Q

PLATELET: feel my MEMBRANE, what’s with it?

A
  1. GLYCOPROTEINS

( repulsion and adhesion)

  1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

( activation)

P458

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7
Q

Platelet plug process:

A
  1. DAMAGE
  2. PLATELET CONTACT
  3. CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE of Platelet
    • swell
    • protruding pseudopods
    • become sticky
    • ADP secretion
    • Thromboxane A2 secretion
  4. Other platelet activation
    • with the use of ADP and THROMBOXANE A2
  5. Formation of FIBRIN THREAD
    • already part of blood coagulation

P458

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8
Q

Characteristic change in platelet during platelet plug formation:

A
  • swell
    • protruding pseudopods
    • become sticky
    • ADP secretion
    • Thromboxane A2 secretion

P458

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9
Q

Contactile proteins inside platelets (3):

A
  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Thrombosthenin

P457

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10
Q

T or F: small platelet count can cause formation of thousands of small hemorrhagic areas under skin throughout the internal tissue.

A

True

P458

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11
Q

Initiators of blood clotting:

A

Activator substances from

  1. PLATELETS
  2. Blood proteins

P458

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12
Q

2 possible courses AFTER blood clot, what’s more usual?

A
  1. Invasion of Fibroblast (usual)
  2. Dissolve

P458

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13
Q

What promotes the invasion of fibroblast after blood clot?

A

GROWTH FACTORS

from platelets

P459

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14
Q

BLOOD CLOT formation:

A
  1. Severed vessel
  2. Platelets agglutinate
  3. Fibrin appears
  4. Fibrin clot forms
  5. Clot retraction occurs

P458

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15
Q

Substances that PROMOTES COAGULATION:

A

PROCOAGULANTS

P459

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16
Q

Substances that INHIBITS COAGULATION:

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

P459

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17
Q

T or F: Procoagulations dominate the blood stream in normal conditions.

A

FALSE,

Anticoagulants dominate

P459

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18
Q

Factor I synonym

A

FIBIRNOGEN

P459

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19
Q

Factor II synonym

A

PROTHROMBIN

P459

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20
Q

Factor III synonym

A

TISSUE FACTOR

TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN

P459

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21
Q

Factor IV synonym

A

CALCIUM

P459

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22
Q

Factor V synonym (3)

A

PROACCELERIN

LABILE FACTOR

AC- Globulin

P459

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23
Q

Factor VII synonym

A

SPCA

PROCONVERTIN

STABLE FACTOR

P459

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24
Q

Factor VIII synonym

A

AHF

AHG

ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR A

P459

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25
Q

Factor IX synonym

A

PTC

CHRISTMAS FACTOR

P459

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26
Q

Factor X synonym

A

STUART FACTOR

STUART-PROWER FACTOR

P459

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27
Q

Factor XI synonym

A

PTA

ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR C

P459

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28
Q

Factor XII synonym

A

HAGEMAN FACTOR

P459

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29
Q

Factor XIII synonym

A

FIBRIN-STABILIZING FACTOR

P459

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30
Q

Prekallikrein synonym

A

FLETCHER FACTOR

P459

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31
Q

High-molecular-weight kininogen synonym

A

FITZGERALD FACTOR

HMWK

P459

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32
Q

T or F: platelet is a clotting factor.

A

TRUE

P459

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33
Q

3 essential steps of blood coagulation

A
  1. Formation of PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
  2. PROTHROMBIN to THROMBIN
  3. FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN

P459

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34
Q

What enmesh platelets, blood cells and plasma to form clot?

A

FIBRIN FIBERS

P459

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35
Q

What is the rate-limiting factor in blood coagulation?

A

Formation of

PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

P459

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36
Q

T or F: MUCH of the prothrombin first attaches to PROTHROMBIN RECEPTOR of PLATELETS ALREADY BOUND in damaged tissues.

A

TRUE

P459

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37
Q

What is the Organ that continually produces prothrombin?

A

LIVER

P460

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38
Q

What are the Vitamin k dependent factors?

A

FACTORS 2,7,9,10

P469,lecture

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39
Q

T or F: Ca++ aids fibrin Polymerization

A

TRUE

P459

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40
Q

What is the clotting factor that cause covalent bond between fibrin monomers and cross linkages between fibrin fibers?

A

FACTOR XIII

or

FIBRIN-STABILIZING FACTOR

P459,P460

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41
Q

T of F: fibrin cannot polymerize without the aid of fibrin-stabilizing factor.

A

FALSE

it can polymerize but only by HYDROGEN BONDING. Therefore weak.

P460

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42
Q

Term used to refer to the fluid expressed from the clot. Fluid lacking clotting factors

A

SERUM

P460

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43
Q

T or F: platelets are involved in binding of fibrin fibers

A

TRUE

P460

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44
Q

Initiates prothrombin activator (3)

A
  1. Trauma to VASCULAR WALL
  2. Trauma to the BLOOD
  3. Blood and damaged wall contact

P461

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45
Q

2 ways in prothrombin formation

A
  1. EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
  2. INTRINSIC PATHWAYS

P461

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46
Q

What are responsible for activation of Stuart factor in extrinsic pathway?

A
  1. FACTOR VII
  2. FACTOR III lipoprotein.
  3. CALCIUM IONS

P462

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47
Q

Whats Specific part of Tissue factor involved on activation of Factor X?

A

LIPOPROTEIN COMPLEX

P462

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48
Q

T or F: Prothrombin activator is a complex of different clotting factors.

A

TRUE

factors Xa, V/Va, III

P462

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49
Q

What constitutes prothrombin activator?

A
  1. FACTOR Xa
  2. FACTOR III phospholipid
  3. FACTOR V phospholipid
  4. PLATELET phospholipid
  5. Ca++ ( in performing function)

P462

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50
Q

What is the actual protease that causes splitting of prothrombin to form thrombin?

A

Factor Xa

P462

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51
Q

What part of prothrombin activator is specifically affected by thrombin in vicious circle of clot formation?

A

FACTOR V

P462

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52
Q

2 clotting factors affected by trauma in intrinsic pathway:

A
  1. FACTOR XII
  2. PLATELETS

P463

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53
Q

T or F: activation of factor XI requires Fitzgerald factor.

A

TRUE

P463

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54
Q

What are responsible for activation of Stuart factor in intrinsic pathway?

A
  1. FACTOR IXa
  2. FACTOR VIIIa
  3. PLATELET phospholipid
  4. FACTOR 3

P463

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55
Q

What Clotting factor is missing when a person has CLASSIC HEMOPHILIA?

A

FACTOR VIII

P463

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56
Q

what Clotting factor is missing when a person has THROMBOCYTOPENIA?

A

PLATELETS

P463

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57
Q

T or F: the role of factor Xa in prothrombin cleaving in extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is different.

A

FALSE

it is the same.

P463

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58
Q

T or F: deionization and precipitation of ca++ helps in preventing blood clot if blood is outside the body.

A

TRUE

P463

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59
Q

Which clotting pathway is faster?

A

EXTRINSIC PATHWAY!

It occurs in as fast as 15 seconds while intrinsic pathway usually requires 1-6 minutes.

P463

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60
Q

Factors needed in prevention of blood clot: (3)

A
  1. SMOOTHNESS
  2. GLYCOCALYX layer
  3. THROMBOMODULIN

P463

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61
Q

What activates protein C?

A

THROMBOMODULIN-THROMBIN COMPLEX

P463

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62
Q

T or F: Clotting factors V and VIII can be inactivated by protein c.

A

TRUE

P463

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63
Q

T or F: fibrin fibers function as Procoagulant.

A

FALSE!

it’s an ANTICOAGULANT!! Together with an

P463

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64
Q

T or F: Heparin by itself does not have anticoagulant effect.

A

TRUE!

It’s anticoagulant effects rely on presence of anti thrombin III which it increases the function into hundred to thousand folds.

P464

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65
Q

T or F: Production of heparin is a function of mast cell.

A

TRUE!

Also BASOPHILS!

P464

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66
Q

This digest fibrin fibers, fibrinogen, and Factors II,V,VIII,XII.

A

PLASMIN!

P464

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67
Q

What Digestive enzyme is resembled by plasmin?

A

TRYPSIN

From pancreatic secretion.

p464

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68
Q

What converts plasminogen to plasmin?

A

TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR
(t-PA)

P464

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69
Q

T or F: Protein C is a clotting factor.

A

TRUE!

Wala sa table pero mentioned as one in page 464 under vit. K deficiency.

P464

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70
Q

Enumerate vitamin K dependent clotting factors!

A
  1. FACTOR II
  2. FACTOR VII
  3. FACTOR IX
  4. FACTOR X
  5. PROTEIN C

P464

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71
Q

T or F: hemophilia is an x-linked disease.

A

TRUE!

P465

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72
Q

What Component of factor VIII that is most important in the intrinsic pathway.

A

SMALL component

P465

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73
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease is caused by what? Be specific.

A

Loss of LARGE component of Factor VIII

P465

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74
Q

Term that refers to the presence of very low numbers of platelets in circulating blood.

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

P465

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75
Q

What disease has The display of purplish blotches as a result of platelet defficiency?

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

P465

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76
Q

What is an abnormal clot that develops in a blood vessel?

A

THROMBUS!

P465

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77
Q

What is the term used to refer to freely flowing blood clots in blood stream?

A

EMBOLI!

P465

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78
Q

Twofold usual cause thromboembolic conditions.

A
  1. Roughed endothelial surface of a vessel

2. Very slow blood flow

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79
Q

Genetically engendered activator used in treatment of intravascular clots

A

t-PA

P466

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80
Q

Events in hemostasis are?

A
  1. Vascular construction
  2. Formation of a PLATELET PLUG
  3. formation of BLOOD CLOT
  4. Growth of FIBROUS TISSUE

P457

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81
Q

Immediate result of blood vessel trauma?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in BV wall.

P457

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82
Q

Results of smooth muscle contraction (in vascular constriction) are?

A
  1. Local myogenic SPASM
  2. Local AUTOCOID factors
  3. Nervous reflexes

P457

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83
Q

Vasoconstrictor produced by platelets

A

Thromboxane A2 (A sub 2)

P457

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84
Q

I’m a PLATELET, what’s INSIDE me? (8)

A

(FOR CONTACTION)

  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Thrombosthenin

(ENZYME SYNTHESIS, CA++ STORAGE)

  1. ER
  2. Golgi apparatus

(ENERGY)
6. MITOCHONDRIA

(COAGULATION)
7. Fibrin-stabilizing factor

(MULTIPLICATION OF ENTHOTHELIAL CELLS, VASCUALR SMOOTH MUSCLE AND FIBROBLAST)
8. Growth factor

P457

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85
Q

PLATELET: feel my MEMBRANE, what’s with it?

A
  1. GLYCOPROTEINS

( repulsion and adhesion)

  1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

( activation)

P458

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86
Q

Platelet plug process:

A
  1. DAMAGE
  2. PLATELET CONTACT
  3. CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE of Platelet
    • swell
    • protruding pseudopods
    • become sticky
    • ADP secretion
    • Thromboxane A2 secretion
  4. Other platelet activation
    • with the use of ADP and THROMBOXANE A2
  5. Formation of FIBRIN THREAD
    • already part of blood coagulation

P458

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87
Q

Characteristic change in platelet during platelet plug formation:

A
  • swell
    • protruding pseudopods
    • become sticky
    • ADP secretion
    • Thromboxane A2 secretion

P458

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88
Q

Contactile proteins inside platelets (3):

A
  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Thrombosthenin

P457

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89
Q

T or F: small platelet count can cause formation of thousands of small hemorrhagic areas under skin throughout the internal tissue.

A

True

P458

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90
Q

Initiators of blood clotting:

A

Activator substances from

  1. PLATELETS
  2. Blood proteins

P458

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91
Q

2 possible courses AFTER blood clot, what’s more usual?

A
  1. Invasion of Fibroblast (usual)
  2. Dissolve

P458

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92
Q

What promotes the invasion of fibroblast after blood clot?

A

GROWTH FACTORS

from platelets

P459

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93
Q

BLOOD CLOT formation:

A
  1. Severed vessel
  2. Platelets agglutinate
  3. Fibrin appears
  4. Fibrin clot forms
  5. Clot retraction occurs

P458

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94
Q

Substances that PROMOTES COAGULATION:

A

PROCOAGULANTS

P459

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95
Q

Substances that INHIBITS COAGULATION:

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

P459

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96
Q

T or F: Procoagulations dominate the blood stream in normal conditions.

A

FALSE,

Anticoagulants dominate

P459

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97
Q

Factor I synonym

A

FIBIRNOGEN

P459

98
Q

Factor II synonym

A

PROTHROMBIN

P459

99
Q

Factor III synonym

A

TISSUE FACTOR

TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN

P459

100
Q

Factor IV synonym

A

CALCIUM

P459

101
Q

Factor V synonym (3)

A

PROACCELERIN

LABILE FACTOR

AC- Globulin

P459

102
Q

Factor VII synonym

A

SPCA

PROCONVERTIN

STABLE FACTOR

P459

103
Q

Factor VIII synonym

A

AHF

AHG

ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR A

P459

104
Q

Factor IX synonym

A

PTC

CHRISTMAS FACTOR

P459

105
Q

Factor X synonym

A

STUART FACTOR

STUART-PROWER FACTOR

P459

106
Q

Factor XI synonym

A

PTA

ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR C

P459

107
Q

Factor XII synonym

A

HAGEMAN FACTOR

P459

108
Q

Factor XIII synonym

A

FIBRIN-STABILIZING FACTOR

P459

109
Q

Prekallikrein synonym

A

FLETCHER FACTOR

P459

110
Q

High-molecular-weight kininogen synonym

A

FITZGERALD FACTOR

HMWK

P459

111
Q

T or F: platelet is a clotting factor.

A

TRUE

P459

112
Q

3 essential steps of blood coagulation

A
  1. Formation of PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
  2. PROTHROMBIN to THROMBIN
  3. FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN

P459

113
Q

What enmesh platelets, blood cells and plasma to form clot?

A

FIBRIN FIBERS

P459

114
Q

What is the rate-limiting factor in blood coagulation?

A

Formation of

PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

P459

115
Q

T or F: MUCH of the prothrombin first attaches to PROTHROMBIN RECEPTOR of PLATELETS ALREADY BOUND in damaged tissues.

A

TRUE

P459

116
Q

What is the Organ that continually produces prothrombin?

A

LIVER

P460

117
Q

What are the Vitamin k dependent factors?

A

FACTORS 2,7,9,10

P469,lecture

118
Q

T or F: Ca++ aids fibrin Polymerization

A

TRUE

P459

119
Q

What is the clotting factor that cause covalent bond between fibrin monomers and cross linkages between fibrin fibers?

A

FACTOR XIII

or

FIBRIN-STABILIZING FACTOR

P459,P460

120
Q

T of F: fibrin cannot polymerize without the aid of fibrin-stabilizing factor.

A

FALSE

it can polymerize but only by HYDROGEN BONDING. Therefore weak.

P460

121
Q

Term used to refer to the fluid expressed from the clot. Fluid lacking clotting factors

A

SERUM

P460

122
Q

T or F: platelets are involved in binding of fibrin fibers

A

TRUE

P460

123
Q

Initiates prothrombin activator (3)

A
  1. Trauma to VASCULAR WALL
  2. Trauma to the BLOOD
  3. Blood and damaged wall contact

P461

124
Q

2 ways in prothrombin formation

A
  1. EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
  2. INTRINSIC PATHWAYS

P461

125
Q

What are responsible for activation of Stuart factor in extrinsic pathway?

A
  1. FACTOR VII
  2. FACTOR III lipoprotein.
  3. CALCIUM IONS

P462

126
Q

Whats Specific part of Tissue factor involved on activation of Factor X?

A

LIPOPROTEIN COMPLEX

P462

127
Q

T or F: Prothrombin activator is a complex of different clotting factors.

A

TRUE

factors Xa, V/Va, III

P462

128
Q

What constitutes prothrombin activator?

A
  1. FACTOR Xa
  2. FACTOR III phospholipid
  3. FACTOR V phospholipid
  4. PLATELET phospholipid
  5. Ca++ ( in performing function)

P462

129
Q

What is the actual protease that causes splitting of prothrombin to form thrombin?

A

Factor Xa

P462

130
Q

What part of prothrombin activator is specifically affected by thrombin in vicious circle of clot formation?

A

FACTOR V

P462

131
Q

2 clotting factors affected by trauma in intrinsic pathway:

A
  1. FACTOR XII
  2. PLATELETS

P463

132
Q

T or F: activation of factor XI requires Fitzgerald factor.

A

TRUE

P463

133
Q

What are responsible for activation of Stuart factor in intrinsic pathway?

A
  1. FACTOR IXa
  2. FACTOR VIIIa
  3. PLATELET phospholipid
  4. FACTOR 3

P463

134
Q

What Clotting factor is missing when a person has CLASSIC HEMOPHILIA?

A

FACTOR VIII

P463

135
Q

what Clotting factor is missing when a person has THROMBOCYTOPENIA?

A

PLATELETS

P463

136
Q

T or F: the role of factor Xa in prothrombin cleaving in extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is different.

A

FALSE

it is the same.

P463

137
Q

T or F: deionization and precipitation of ca++ helps in preventing blood clot if blood is outside the body.

A

TRUE

P463

138
Q

Which clotting pathway is faster?

A

EXTRINSIC PATHWAY!

It occurs in as fast as 15 seconds while intrinsic pathway usually requires 1-6 minutes.

P463

139
Q

Factors needed in prevention of blood clot: (3)

A
  1. SMOOTHNESS
  2. GLYCOCALYX layer
  3. THROMBOMODULIN

P463

140
Q

What activates protein C?

A

THROMBOMODULIN-THROMBIN COMPLEX

P463

141
Q

T or F: Clotting factors V and VIII can be inactivated by protein c.

A

TRUE

P463

142
Q

T or F: fibrin fibers function as Procoagulant.

A

FALSE!

it’s an ANTICOAGULANT!! Together with an

P463

143
Q

T or F: Heparin by itself does not have anticoagulant effect.

A

TRUE!

It’s anticoagulant effects rely on presence of anti thrombin III which it increases the function into hundred to thousand folds.

P464

144
Q

T or F: Production of heparin is a function of mast cell.

A

TRUE!

Also BASOPHILS!

P464

145
Q

This digest fibrin fibers, fibrinogen, and Factors II,V,VIII,XII.

A

PLASMIN!

P464

146
Q

What Digestive enzyme is resembled by plasmin?

A

TRYPSIN

From pancreatic secretion.

p464

147
Q

What converts plasminogen to plasmin?

A

TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR
(t-PA)

P464

148
Q

T or F: Protein C is a clotting factor.

A

TRUE!

Wala sa table pero mentioned as one in page 464 under vit. K deficiency.

P464

149
Q

Enumerate vitamin K dependent clotting factors!

A
  1. FACTOR II
  2. FACTOR VII
  3. FACTOR IX
  4. FACTOR X
  5. PROTEIN C

P464

150
Q

T or F: hemophilia is an x-linked disease.

A

TRUE!

P465

151
Q

What Component of factor VIII that is most important in the intrinsic pathway.

A

SMALL component

P465

152
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease is caused by what? Be specific.

A

Loss of LARGE component of Factor VIII

P465

153
Q

Term that refers to the presence of very low numbers of platelets in circulating blood.

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

P465

154
Q

What disease has The display of purplish blotches as a result of platelet defficiency?

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

P465

155
Q

What is an abnormal clot that develops in a blood vessel?

A

THROMBUS!

P465

156
Q

What is the term used to refer to freely flowing blood clots in blood stream?

A

EMBOLI!

P465

157
Q

Twofold usual cause thromboembolic conditions.

A
  1. Roughed endothelial surface of a vessel

2. Very slow blood flow

158
Q

Genetically engendered activator used in treatment of intravascular clots

A

t-PA

P466

159
Q

Events in hemostasis are?

A
  1. Vascular construction
  2. Formation of a PLATELET PLUG
  3. formation of BLOOD CLOT
  4. Growth of FIBROUS TISSUE

P457

160
Q

Immediate result of blood vessel trauma?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in BV wall.

P457

161
Q

Results of smooth muscle contraction (in vascular constriction) are?

A
  1. Local myogenic SPASM
  2. Local AUTOCOID factors
  3. Nervous reflexes

P457

162
Q

Vasoconstrictor produced by platelets

A

Thromboxane A2 (A sub 2)

P457

163
Q

I’m a PLATELET, what’s INSIDE me? (8)

A

(FOR CONTACTION)

  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Thrombosthenin

(ENZYME SYNTHESIS, CA++ STORAGE)

  1. ER
  2. Golgi apparatus

(ENERGY)
6. MITOCHONDRIA

(COAGULATION)
7. Fibrin-stabilizing factor

(MULTIPLICATION OF ENTHOTHELIAL CELLS, VASCUALR SMOOTH MUSCLE AND FIBROBLAST)
8. Growth factor

P457

164
Q

PLATELET: feel my MEMBRANE, what’s with it?

A
  1. GLYCOPROTEINS

( repulsion and adhesion)

  1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

( activation)

P458

165
Q

Platelet plug process:

A
  1. DAMAGE
  2. PLATELET CONTACT
  3. CHARACTERISTIC CHANGE of Platelet
    • swell
    • protruding pseudopods
    • become sticky
    • ADP secretion
    • Thromboxane A2 secretion
  4. Other platelet activation
    • with the use of ADP and THROMBOXANE A2
  5. Formation of FIBRIN THREAD
    • already part of blood coagulation

P458

166
Q

Characteristic change in platelet during platelet plug formation:

A
  • swell
    • protruding pseudopods
    • become sticky
    • ADP secretion
    • Thromboxane A2 secretion

P458

167
Q

Contactile proteins inside platelets (3):

A
  1. Actin
  2. Myosin
  3. Thrombosthenin

P457

168
Q

T or F: small platelet count can cause formation of thousands of small hemorrhagic areas under skin throughout the internal tissue.

A

True

P458

169
Q

Initiators of blood clotting:

A

Activator substances from

  1. PLATELETS
  2. Blood proteins

P458

170
Q

2 possible courses AFTER blood clot, what’s more usual?

A
  1. Invasion of Fibroblast (usual)
  2. Dissolve

P458

171
Q

What promotes the invasion of fibroblast after blood clot?

A

GROWTH FACTORS

from platelets

P459

172
Q

BLOOD CLOT formation:

A
  1. Severed vessel
  2. Platelets agglutinate
  3. Fibrin appears
  4. Fibrin clot forms
  5. Clot retraction occurs

P458

173
Q

Substances that PROMOTES COAGULATION:

A

PROCOAGULANTS

P459

174
Q

Substances that INHIBITS COAGULATION:

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

P459

175
Q

T or F: Procoagulations dominate the blood stream in normal conditions.

A

FALSE,

Anticoagulants dominate

P459

176
Q

Factor I synonym

A

FIBIRNOGEN

P459

177
Q

Factor II synonym

A

PROTHROMBIN

P459

178
Q

Factor III synonym

A

TISSUE FACTOR

TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN

P459

179
Q

Factor IV synonym

A

CALCIUM

P459

180
Q

Factor V synonym (3)

A

PROACCELERIN

LABILE FACTOR

AC- Globulin

P459

181
Q

Factor VII synonym

A

SPCA

PROCONVERTIN

STABLE FACTOR

P459

182
Q

Factor VIII synonym

A

AHF

AHG

ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR A

P459

183
Q

Factor IX synonym

A

PTC

CHRISTMAS FACTOR

P459

184
Q

Factor X synonym

A

STUART FACTOR

STUART-PROWER FACTOR

P459

185
Q

Factor XI synonym

A

PTA

ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR C

P459

186
Q

Factor XII synonym

A

HAGEMAN FACTOR

P459

187
Q

Factor XIII synonym

A

FIBRIN-STABILIZING FACTOR

P459

188
Q

Prekallikrein synonym

A

FLETCHER FACTOR

P459

189
Q

High-molecular-weight kininogen synonym

A

FITZGERALD FACTOR

HMWK

P459

190
Q

T or F: platelet is a clotting factor.

A

TRUE

P459

191
Q

3 essential steps of blood coagulation

A
  1. Formation of PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR
  2. PROTHROMBIN to THROMBIN
  3. FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN

P459

192
Q

What enmesh platelets, blood cells and plasma to form clot?

A

FIBRIN FIBERS

P459

193
Q

What is the rate-limiting factor in blood coagulation?

A

Formation of

PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

P459

194
Q

T or F: MUCH of the prothrombin first attaches to PROTHROMBIN RECEPTOR of PLATELETS ALREADY BOUND in damaged tissues.

A

TRUE

P459

195
Q

What is the Organ that continually produces prothrombin?

A

LIVER

P460

196
Q

What are the Vitamin k dependent factors?

A

FACTORS 2,7,9,10

P469,lecture

197
Q

T or F: Ca++ aids fibrin Polymerization

A

TRUE

P459

198
Q

What is the clotting factor that cause covalent bond between fibrin monomers and cross linkages between fibrin fibers?

A

FACTOR XIII

or

FIBRIN-STABILIZING FACTOR

P459,P460

199
Q

T of F: fibrin cannot polymerize without the aid of fibrin-stabilizing factor.

A

FALSE

it can polymerize but only by HYDROGEN BONDING. Therefore weak.

P460

200
Q

Term used to refer to the fluid expressed from the clot. Fluid lacking clotting factors

A

SERUM

P460

201
Q

T or F: platelets are involved in binding of fibrin fibers

A

TRUE

P460

202
Q

Initiates prothrombin activator (3)

A
  1. Trauma to VASCULAR WALL
  2. Trauma to the BLOOD
  3. Blood and damaged wall contact

P461

203
Q

2 ways in prothrombin formation

A
  1. EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
  2. INTRINSIC PATHWAYS

P461

204
Q

What are responsible for activation of Stuart factor in extrinsic pathway?

A
  1. FACTOR VII
  2. FACTOR III lipoprotein.
  3. CALCIUM IONS

P462

205
Q

Whats Specific part of Tissue factor involved on activation of Factor X?

A

LIPOPROTEIN COMPLEX

P462

206
Q

T or F: Prothrombin activator is a complex of different clotting factors.

A

TRUE

factors Xa, V/Va, III

P462

207
Q

What constitutes prothrombin activator?

A
  1. FACTOR Xa
  2. FACTOR III phospholipid
  3. FACTOR V phospholipid
  4. PLATELET phospholipid
  5. Ca++ ( in performing function)

P462

208
Q

What is the actual protease that causes splitting of prothrombin to form thrombin?

A

Factor Xa

P462

209
Q

What part of prothrombin activator is specifically affected by thrombin in vicious circle of clot formation?

A

FACTOR V

P462

210
Q

2 clotting factors affected by trauma in intrinsic pathway:

A
  1. FACTOR XII
  2. PLATELETS

P463

211
Q

T or F: activation of factor XI requires Fitzgerald factor.

A

TRUE

P463

212
Q

What are responsible for activation of Stuart factor in intrinsic pathway?

A
  1. FACTOR IXa
  2. FACTOR VIIIa
  3. PLATELET phospholipid
  4. FACTOR 3

P463

213
Q

What Clotting factor is missing when a person has CLASSIC HEMOPHILIA?

A

FACTOR VIII

P463

214
Q

what Clotting factor is missing when a person has THROMBOCYTOPENIA?

A

PLATELETS

P463

215
Q

T or F: the role of factor Xa in prothrombin cleaving in extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is different.

A

FALSE

it is the same.

P463

216
Q

T or F: deionization and precipitation of ca++ helps in preventing blood clot if blood is outside the body.

A

TRUE

P463

217
Q

Which clotting pathway is faster?

A

EXTRINSIC PATHWAY!

It occurs in as fast as 15 seconds while intrinsic pathway usually requires 1-6 minutes.

P463

218
Q

Factors needed in prevention of blood clot: (3)

A
  1. SMOOTHNESS
  2. GLYCOCALYX layer
  3. THROMBOMODULIN

P463

219
Q

What activates protein C?

A

THROMBOMODULIN-THROMBIN COMPLEX

P463

220
Q

T or F: Clotting factors V and VIII can be inactivated by protein c.

A

TRUE

P463

221
Q

T or F: fibrin fibers function as Procoagulant.

A

FALSE!

it’s an ANTICOAGULANT!! Together with an

P463

222
Q

T or F: Heparin by itself does not have anticoagulant effect.

A

TRUE!

It’s anticoagulant effects rely on presence of anti thrombin III which it increases the function into hundred to thousand folds.

P464

223
Q

T or F: Production of heparin is a function of mast cell.

A

TRUE!

Also BASOPHILS!

P464

224
Q

This digest fibrin fibers, fibrinogen, and Factors II,V,VIII,XII.

A

PLASMIN!

P464

225
Q

What Digestive enzyme is resembled by plasmin?

A

TRYPSIN

From pancreatic secretion.

p464

226
Q

What converts plasminogen to plasmin?

A

TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR
(t-PA)

P464

227
Q

T or F: Protein C is a clotting factor.

A

TRUE!

Wala sa table pero mentioned as one in page 464 under vit. K deficiency.

P464

228
Q

Enumerate vitamin K dependent clotting factors!

A
  1. FACTOR II
  2. FACTOR VII
  3. FACTOR IX
  4. FACTOR X
  5. PROTEIN C

P464

229
Q

T or F: hemophilia is an x-linked disease.

A

TRUE!

P465

230
Q

What Component of factor VIII that is most important in the intrinsic pathway.

A

SMALL component

P465

231
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease is caused by what? Be specific.

A

Loss of LARGE component of Factor VIII

P465

232
Q

Term that refers to the presence of very low numbers of platelets in circulating blood.

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

P465

233
Q

What disease has The display of purplish blotches as a result of platelet defficiency?

A

THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

P465

234
Q

What is an abnormal clot that develops in a blood vessel?

A

THROMBUS!

P465

235
Q

What is the term used to refer to freely flowing blood clots in blood stream?

A

EMBOLI!

P465

236
Q

Twofold usual cause thromboembolic conditions.

A
  1. Roughed endothelial surface of a vessel

2. Very slow blood flow

237
Q

Genetically engendered activator used in treatment of intravascular clots

A

t-PA

P466

238
Q

Enzyme in the blood that destroys heparin

A

Heparinase

239
Q

What is the usual bleeding time?

A

1-6 minutes

P467

240
Q

What is the usual clotting time?

A

6 - 10 minutes

P467

241
Q

What is the time requires for coagulation to take place?

A

PROTHROMBIN TIME

P467

242
Q

Usual prothrombin time?

A

12 seconds

P467

Physiology (4 decks)

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