Henry

Question 1

ALL Henry wife in order?

Answer 1

Catherine of Argon,Anne Boleyn.Jane seymore,Anne of Cleves,Catherine Howard.

Question 2

Who was Henry Member in order?

Answer 2

Wolsey then cromwell

Question 3

Give 3 reason why Wolsey rose to power?

Answer 3

1.Wolsey’s appointment as Royal Almoner in 1509 made him a member of the Royal Council giving him access to the king. This gave him opportunities to exert infl uence over Henry and to dominate government by 1515.
2.Henry need someone to take organize an army for a war with france.This was a big opportunity for Wolsey as he could show of his capabilitys in a very complex sitsuation.Wolsey organised a well equipped and well-supplied army by 1513. Wolsey demonstrated skills that Henry later relied on, increasing his power and influence.
3.Henry did not involve himself in day-to-day government. This increased Wolsey’s power
as he was left to carry out the boring but important tasks that Henry wished to avoid.Futhermore Henry didnt like many of his fathers advisors who he saw and cautious so Wolsey had more tasks.

Question 4

What were 2 reforms Wolsey did for the poor?

Answer 4

Enclosures and Changes to Justice system

Question 5

What were enclosures?

Answer 5

Enclosure involved using fences to divide land into fields.This reduced the land available for tenants farmers and the poor who had less land to graze the animals

Question 6

What did he do to combat enclosure.

Answer 6

Wolsey set up an inquiry in 1517 to investigate this practice and reduce its effect on ordinary
people. His work resulted in 260 court cases being brought against landowners.

Question 7

What did Wolsey want to change the justice system for?

Answer 7

As Lord Chancellor, Wolsey sought to create a fairer system of justice that ensured the rich
were not above the law.

Question 8

What did Wolsey do to achieve a fairer justice system?

Answer 8

strengthened the Star Chamber
Oversaw Cases himself
Encourage poor people to take their cases to court.
supported the cases of the poor against the rich
Increase court work rate.

Question 9

What were the consequence of both enclosure and justice system reform?

Answer 9

Little to no change.Enclosure kept happening and he angered rich land owners ,making him enemys in court.

Question 10

To tackle the misspending and bad management of the palaces what did Wolsey inroduce?

Answer 10

The Eltham Ordinances, 1526

Question 11

What was the The Eltham Ordinance?

Answer 11

A list of rules 79 chapter longs that included:
laying of sick servants
changing the amount of people in privy chamber from 12 to 6.
cutting spending on meals and servants.

Question 12

Why was The Eltham Ordinances, 1526 unccessfull?

Answer 12

Wolsey lost interest in them once he had reduced the size of the Privy Council – his main aim.

Question 13

What were 3 thing Wolsey introduced to raise money?

Answer 13

The subsity
Forced loans
Crown lands

Question 14

What was The subsity?

Answer 14

this was a tax on incomes . This was a progressive tax; the more you earned the more you paid.

Question 15

What was forced loans.

Answer 15

Wolsey forced major landowners to lend the government money in 1522 and then again in 1523.

Question 16

What was Crown Land?

Answer 16

Wolsey recovered Crown lands from the nobility increasing the income to the government. This raised £15000 in 1515 alone.

Question 17

Why was the Amicable Grant introduced?

Answer 17

King of France had been defeated by Holy Roman empror, Henry wanted to take advantage and invade France and recover land lost by the crown. 1525

Question 18

What was the amicable grant?

Answer 18

A tax that had to been paid in 10 weeks.1/3 tax of the propery of priest and 1/6 tax of the property of ordinary people

Question 19

3 short term consequence of Amicable Grant?

Answer 19

1.The tax was abandoned.
2.Many people didnt pay as they claimed to have no money
3.Full scale Rebelling in Suffolk .About 10000 men protesting against the tax.When Duke of suffolk arrived they stopped and were Pardoned.

Question 20

3 Long term consequence of Amicable Grant?

Answer 20

1.Wolsey was humiliated and his reputation badly damaged. He had to take responsibility for the tax and its failure.
2.Wolsey was unable to raise any further taxes while he remained the king’s first minister.
3.Henry began, perhaps for the fi rst time, to doubt Wolsey’s judgement, beginning a process that would result in Wolsey’s fall from power.

Question 21

3 Succesfull foreign policy for Wolsey?

Answer 21

1.The battle of the Spurs
2.The Treaty of London
3.The field of Cloth of Gold

Question 22

What was the Treat of London?

Answer 22

A treary that promised unicesal peace by proposing each state not to attack each other.If one went to war the other country would back it.
-It was succesfull as it was signed by 20 european leaders.
-presitge to Henry
-Placed Henry at centre of Europe poletics.

Question 23

What was the Battle of Spurs?

Answer 23

the final battle in the first French war that ultimately gave victory to Henry.

Question 24

What was the field of cloth of Gold?

Answer 24

Diplomatic meeting where Francis and Henry met.The 2 kings showcase for the kings and showed englands power and wealth.It put Henry in the centre of European diplomacy.

Question 25

What were 2 foreign failure of Wolsey

Answer 25

1.Failure of the French war 2.The treaty of Cambrai.

Question 26

Explain failure of the French War?

Answer 26

Wolsey thought that the Charles V would help him seize French territory and land.This did not happen.After the war Charles ignored the suggestion that France be divided into 2 with England and Roman empror.Charles released Francis.The war costed 430000.

Question 27

Explain Treaty of Cambrai?

Answer 27

Englan had an allaince with France to defeat Charles V.The French were defeated and recieved little help from England.Damaging reputatuin as good all. 1529 France and Roman empror signed Treat of Cambrai a peace treaty leaving england diplomatically isolated.

Question 28

3 reason why Henry wanted annulment from Aragon.

Answer 28

1.it reflected badly on Henry’s manhood and reputation, and suggested that Henry was incapable of producing a male heir. 2. threatened the succession as the absence of a male heir encouraged others from both inside and outside the kingdom to consider claiming the throne 3.Aragon was 42 years old, making another pregnancy and a male heir unlikely.

Question 29

3 reason Wolsey fell from power?

Answer 29

1.Amicable Grant 2.Annulment 3.Foreign policy/Treaty of Cambrai.

Question 30

3 reasons cromwell rose to power?

Answer 30

1,Cromwell remained loyal to Wolsey, defending him in parliament and even in audiences with the king. This loyalty impressed Henry who was prepared to promote Cromwell on the grounds that he would be equally loyal to Henry, as a servant of the king. 2.Cromwell's ruthlessness meant that the king was prepared to rely on him to manage violent and controversial acts and discouraged rivals and opponents from challenging his power. 3.As Henry began to involve himself more in day-to-day government after 1530, Cromwell was there to carry out his instructions quickly and efficiently and as the king’s loyal servant.

Question 31

3 reasons Anne boleyn fell from power?

Answer 31

1.Henry was becoming infatuated with Jane Seymour and saw her as his queen and not just his mistress. Anne would have to be removed to make way for Jane. 2.She had failed to provide him with a male heir, while her assertive personality and flirtatious behaviour in court may have become an embarrassment to him, making him want to be rid of her. 3.There was a poisonous atmosphere in court with gossip circulating. Anne had many enemies who may have been prepared to peddle allegations of adultery, which Henry was more than happy to believe

Question 32

List the 4 reforms that Cromwell did?

Answer 32

Reform of finances. Reform of Royal Council Reform of Wales Reform of the Council of the North

Question 33

How did Cromwell Reform the Royal Council?(3 ways)

Answer 33

Aruged it was too big(100 member): -Replaced it with a Privy council(20 members) -Composed of lawyers and professional administrator rather than noblemen -A clerk to the Privy Council was appointed to record decisions.

Question 34

How did Cormwell reform Finances?

Answer 34

Normally the King Chambers was used to record the income .With the incease number of money from The dissolution of monestry and therefore made 6 departments. 4 for Kings Traditional income and 2 for the income from monestires. The 2 were: The Court of Augmentations The Court of First Fruits and Tenths

Question 35

What were the Court of Augmentations?

Answer 35

dealt with property and income from the dissolution of the monasteries.

Question 36

What were The Court of First Fruits and Tenths?

Answer 36

collected taxes from the clergy

Question 37

What was reform of Wales?

Answer 37

Wales was offically part of England and now had english law.English was offical language. Wales was represented by 26 MPs.

Question 38

How did Cromwell reform the North Council?

Answer 38

Made permament institution from 1537 which was responsible for maintaning law and order in north.It helps rebellions be prevented and gov authority maintained.

Question 39

How did Cromwell effectively manage parliment to make it useful?

Answer 39

1.ensuring that ideas were debated and discussed and laws properly drafted 2.sitting as an MP, which enabled him to guide debates and ensure that there was support for the laws he wanted to pass 3.using threats and intimidation to undermine any opposition

Question 40

Give 3 way parliament was changed?

Answer 40

1.Parliament was at the centre of the government, it could pass laws on all aspects of daily life as it had legislate power. 2.Laws were passed with approval of both houses of parliament and the king – this strengthened the king’s authority. 3.Parliament could not be ignored and had to be consulted on all major laws the king wanted to pass.

Question 41

3 reasons why Henry wanted to marry Anne of cleves.

Answer 41

1.there seemed to be a real threat of a combined Catholic crusade against England launched by Charles V and Francis I . A marriage to Anne of Cleves would provide Henry with a valuable European ally, who might persuade other German states to help him if England was attacked. 2.Unlike many European rulers, the Duke of Cleves seemed happy to marry Anne off to Henry needed allies against Charles V. This was in spite of Henery killing wifes. 3. Henry had still only one male heir – Edward.The risk of Edward dying young required a further marriage to produce more male heirs.

Question 42

3 Reasons why Cromwell fell from power?

Answer 42

1.The Duke of Norfolk hated cromwell.Since he was Catherine Howards uncle he told her to spread rumours about Cromwell, saying he was being inefficient in arranging the annulment of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves, due to the fact that Cromwell wanted to introduce Protestantism to England against Kings wishes. 2.Cromwell was hated by French Catholics,especially Francis I, who saw him as a supporter of Charles V.Removing Cromwell from power would lead to improved relations with France and reduce the possibility of any Catholic crusade against England. 3.Cromwell made many enemies in court.As he pushed protestant views,dissolutioned the monastries and because he executed Thomas More.They were more than happy to vote in parliament for the Act of Attainder that led to Cromwell’s execution.

Question 43

What was Act of Succession?

Answer 43

Stated child from Henrys second marriage Anne Boleyn could inherit the throne .This meant that Mary had become and illegitamate and Elizabeth was the true heir to the throne.

Question 44

What is the significance of the Act of Succession?

Answer 44

It was the rejection of the pope authority in England.Pope right to decide wether to remarry or divorce was rejected.Popes name was crossed out of all English prayer books.

Question 45

What was Act of Supremacy?

Answer 45

Stated that the King controlled the Church no the Pope:Henry became supreme Head of English Church.He also had the powers of the previouse pope.

Question 46

What is the significance of the Act of Supremamcy ?

Answer 46

Henry now controlled the church income and wealth.He could sell church property and sieze church taxes leading to the 2 courts.

Question 47

How did They enforce Act of Supremacy and Act of Succession?(2 way)

Answer 47

Throught 2 things: Oath of succession Trason act 1534

Question 48

What was oath of succession?

Answer 48

All individuals would have to take a oath of succession stating that Anne Boleyn was the rightful queen.Failure to do so was seen as treason.

Question 49

What did the Trason act do?

Answer 49

Expanded the defenition of treason to now speaking out against the Royal Supremacy .

Question 50

What 3 thing did Elizabeth Barton do?

Answer 50

1.She was a nun that had a vision that criticised Henry for his proposed divorce to Catherine.Barton say that the king would die a villians death. 2.Criticised Protestant views saying people should be loyal to the pope and burn any english copy of the Bible. 3.A book called Nuns Book containted a collection of Barton Prophecies claming Henry would burn to hell.

Question 51

How did Henry react to Elizabeth Barton.

Answer 51

1.It posed a serious threat to Henry because it could inspire people to resist Henrys reform creasting possibility of a rebellon.Henry asked Cromwell to ACT. 2.Her views made Henry an embarassment.

Question 52

What did John Fisher do?(2 things)

Answer 52

1.Condemed Henrys attempt to secure a divorce and a split from rome. 2.Refused to take oath of succession

Question 52

What happen to elizabeth Barton.

Answer 52

1.Barton was forced to confess she was lying about her visions. 2.She was condemmed by attainer(an act which allowed someone to be execute withought trial).Barton was executed on the same day that Londoners took the oath of succession using her as an example. 3.All 700 books of the nuns book were bunned

Question 53

Explain John Fisher path to execution.

Answer 53

1.Condemed Hnerys attempt to secure divorce a and split from Rome. 2.Couldnt be arrested as he broken no laws. 3.Henry couldve arrested Fisher as he had ties with Barton. 4.Instead made him pay 300 fine. 5.Refuse to take oath of scuccesion 6.Executed for treason June 1535

Question 54

Who was Thomas More.

Answer 54

After the Fall of Wolsey he was Henrys Lord Chacncellor.He was Devout Catholic who didnt like protestant,

Question 55

Why was Thomas more Executed(quick timline)

Answer 55

1.Resigned from Lord Chancellor as he couldnt support Henry divorce to Catherine, 2.Refuse to take the oath of succeesion. 3.Taken to tower of London where refuse to explain why he not taking oath. 4.Stays a year in prision as Cromwell persuaded to take the oath. 5.Put on trial executed.

Question 56

Explain 3 consequence of Thomas Moree death.

Answer 56

1.Created an atmosphere of terror in England as people feared the consequence os speaking out aginainst the king 2.More was one of europes great interlectualls so his death enraged many in Europe likes Charles V making a Catholic Crusade against England much more likely. 3.The execution deepened the split with Rome as thee poper threatened to excommunicate. (banish him from all church)Henry.

Question 57

3 reasons for the dissolution of the monastries.

Answer 57

Financial Political Religous

Question 58

Explain the financial reason for the dissolution of the monastries?

Answer 58

The monastries were very wealthy,they owned 1/3 of all England Land.The top 20 monastries were making 1000 per year,Closing down,taking over and renting.This money would pay for: 1.Any future wars and a defence against a Catholic Crusade organised by Francis and Charles. 2.Make him financialy independant of parliament Henry would no longer have to ask for taxation. 3.land could be sold or gifted to nobility to win over landowner previousy hostile to Henry control of the church.

Question 59

Explain the Political reason for the dissolution of the monastries?

Answer 59

Henry felt that the pope and nuns were still loyal to the Pope rather than the king.This was confirmed as many religous houses supported the pilgramage of grace .Closing down the monastries will strenghen Henry grip on the Church getting rid of sources within it.

Question 60

Explain the Religous reason for the dissolution of the monastries?

Answer 60

many reformers like cromwell and Crammer dissaproved of many of these religous practicises in the monastries,Including prayers for the dead .getting rid of the monastries in their view would end these backward practicses.

Question 61

Which people benefited from the dissolution of the monastries and why?

Answer 61

1.Religouse reformers like Cromwell and Crammer-Dissoulution of monastries ment that a powerful symbol for Catholic Church was brought to end.A step closer to a reform church. 2.Henry VIII as he made enormouse amount of wealth making him very rich and financially independant.Adding on the closure also helped end opposition within the church 3.Nobility- Recieved land as gift or at much cheaper price.They could now use that land to farm commercially making alot of money /

Question 62

Which people lost from the dissolution of the monastries and why?

Answer 62

1.Monks -lost homes and livelyhood.Although many were remployed some face unemployment and poverty, 2.Nuns-lost homes and livelyhood.Nuns were unable to work in the church resulting in many of them begging. 3.The poor and sick-nowhere to go if got sick became vagrant.

Question 63

3 reasons for the pilgrmage of Grace?

Answer 63

1.Economical,people resented: -the continuation of the subsity tax -rising rents -incease in enclosures. -Bad Harvests 2.Social-People were angered athe the closure of the monastries that led to among things,hunger,homelessness and no help for the sick 3.Relogous- fear that the attack on the old religon would continues and the loacal parish would be next

Question 64

Explain the The Lincolnshire Uprising, 1536 ?

Answer 64

1.A local shoe maker led 3000 commoner in rebellion against the dissolution and High taxes. He called himself Captain Cobbler 2.The gentry then took pover and killed the Bishop of Lincoln. 3.10000 rebels marched into Lincoln and set out articles complaining to henry about the dissolutions and high taxes 4.Henry sent 3000 men under Duke of Suffolk to deal with them.The gentry back down

Question 65

Explain the The Yorkshire Uprising, 1536 ?

Answer 65

1.Robert Aske a lawyer and 10000 rebels entered York. 2.Henry appointed the Duke of Norfolk to negotiate with the rebels, as there were too many of them to defeat in a battle. 3.Norkfolk army and the rebels met and agreed the 2 leaders of the rebel could talk to Henry directly. 4.Henry refused and then ordered 10 leaders of the rebellion to London for Punishment. 5.Norfolk negotiated again and the rebels wrote 24 key demands in the pantefract articles 6.Henry told the rebellion that the panterfact article would be discuessed in the northen council 7.The rebels accepted Henry offer and agreed no more monastires disolved until it was discuessed in northen parliament. 8.Henry was buying time he hanged Robert Aske as an example.

Question 66

What was the pantefract articles?

Answer 66

24 Key demands that the rebels in Yorkshire demanded and was discuessed in the Northen Council.

Question 67

2 reasons why the Pilgtimage of Grace didnt work?

Answer 67

1.Robert aske misplaced his faith in the king and accepted Henrys offer of a pardon and time to discuss the pantefract articles with the northen parliament.This in turn led to the rebel army being dismantled,removing the threat to Henrys throne.It gave him time to think of a plan to crush the rebels. 2.Henrys ruthlessnes.He knew that he could not accept rebels demands as it would make him look weak and encourage others to do the same.Would have completely undermined his religous Policy.Therfore henry needed to to destroy the rebellion.