Henry Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
Henry and Anne secretly marry
A
1532
2
Q
Act of Attainder Against Wolsey
A
October 1529
- Due to failure achieve annulment in Blackfriars
- Forced to go to York were he remained Archbishop
- Henry removes all of Wolsey’s property Whitehall and Hampton Court
3
Q
Thomas Cromwell appointed Principle Secretary
A
April 1534
- Put him centre in issues that revolved around the king
- Made him more powerful and that Henry had put faith in his abilities
4
Q
Cromwell appointed Lord Privy Seal
A
July 1536
- Had control over Henry’s personal seal
- Other holders were William Paget and Thomas Boleyn (Anne’s dad)
5
Q
Cranmer declares Anne and Henry’s marriage legal
A
May 1533
6
Q
Cromwell appoint Vicegerent - In charge of spirituals
A
Jan 1535
- Made him deputy head of the church (according to Ives)
- Working with taking back the wealth of the church and has control of Act of six Articles/English Bible
- Works very closely with Cranmer
7
Q
Act to Remove Benefit of the Clergy
A
1529
-Benefit of Clergy= tried in the church courts instead of King’s church and could use Neck verses to escape
8
Q
Submission of the Clergy
A
1531-1534
- Action taken against the clergy for appealing to power outside of the realm (praemunire)
- Henry would remove the charges if the Church gave £100,000 and gave him the title “Supreme head of the church in England”
- Clergy weakened by Wolsey’s fall= used as a get out clause
9
Q
Supplication against the ordinaries
A
Presented to Henry in March 1532 but not agreed until May
-Henry makes a famous speech trying to persuade parliament in March 1532
-Chapuys Imperial Ambassador “Churchmen will be less of account than shoemakers”
Result of grievances against the clergy:
-Being paid more than the laity (Found by Edward Hall)
-Payment of mortuary fees
-Number of Holy days
-Clergy wouldn’t make any laws without consulting the King
10
Q
Act to remove Annates
A
1532
- Annates= Church’s biggest revenue= Fraction of income paid the first year of being a bishop
- Not a large sum but highly criticised in parliament
- Not originally supported by all but gained support once Henry got involved
11
Q
Death of Richard Hunne
A
1515
- Refusal to pay mortary fees of dead son and English bible also found in his house
- Murder by the church and was an lawyer = Made MPS feel scared about the power the church had as many of them were lawyers
12
Q
Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
A
1532
13
Q
More tried for treason for refusing to take the Act of Succession
A
July 1535
14
Q
More and Fisher executed
A
1535
15
Q
Katherine dismissed from court
A
1531
16
Q
Death of Cardinal Wolsey
A
November 1530
17
Q
A supplication of the beggars published
A
1530
- Written by Simon Fish and was handed out as pamphlets
- Criticised Henry for not taking more power of the Church
- Introduced to Henry by Anne
18
Q
Act Abolishing Peter’s Pence
A
1534
-Abolish any further payments to Rome
19
Q
Pope Clement threatens Henry with excommunication
A
1531
20
Q
Thomas More resigns as chancellor
A
1532
21
Q
Parliament opens for a second sitting
A
1531
22
Q
Releasing to money had by way of loan
A
One of first acts passed
- Cancelled any debts Henry had with members of Parliament
- Ruined Wolsey’s supporters= Supported by lord’s temporial
- Allowed parliament to pass Act against mortuary fees and probate fees
23
Q
Marriage to Catherine Parr
A
1543
24
Q
Death of Henry
A
1547
25
Earl of Surrey executed
1547
26
Fall and execution of Cromwell
1540
- Cromwell arrested criticism of the reformist fraction, failure to annul marriage with Anne of Cleves and his actions regarding a heretical group in Calais
- Brought to an end of a government run by a single minster, although no attempt to remove all of Cromwell's placemen from Privy Council
27
Henry marries Anne of Cleves and marriage annulled
1540
28
Marriage to Katherine Howard
1540
29
Bigod Rebellion
January 1537
- Francis Bigod tries to take Hull and Scarborough but only gets Beverley
- Some form of uprisings but Henry reacts harshly= 144 executions including previous leaders of rebellions
30
Birth of Edward
1537
31
Death of Jane Seymour
1537
32
Anne Boleyn executed
1536
33
Henry marries Jane Seymour
1536
34
Lincolnshire Uprising
August 1536
- Due to dissolution for the lesser monasteries = Taking down parish churches
- Local shoemaker Melton led the uprising, to capture the commissioners = eventually had a crowd of 10,000
- List of articles included end of suppression of religious houses, tax on sheep removed
- King's men arrived with Duke of Suffolk and given a pardon. Unrest in the area for 12 days, some people in the area marched under the five wounds of Christ
35
Pilgrimage of Grace- Yorkshire Uprising
October 1536
- Dissolution and also the polices of the King's government being acted upon. Also worried about acting against religion= marched under 5 wounds of Christ
- At Pontefract Castle was given to the rebels by Lord Darcy (Key to the North) and where they wrote their demands= Pope head of Church, Mary made legitimate, Cromwell to be punished and abbeys restored.
- Eventually 30,000 rebels and key figures; Lord Darcy, Archbishop of York and 40 knights
36
First debasement of coinage
1544
37
Execution of Anne Askew
1546
38
Henry's last will written
1546
39
The Chantries Act
1545
| -Removed any payments towards prayers being sung for the dead
40
Defeat of the Scots at Solway Moss
1542
- Henry send troops into Scotland after James V failed to come to the progression at York
- Scots poorly organised even though they sent 16,000 troops, defeated by 3000 English troops= James 'dies of shame' in 1543
- This lead to the Treaty of Greenwich in 1543 which agreed a marriage between Edward and Mary Queen of Scots= part of the rough wooing
41
Conservative fraction plot against Cranmer
1543
- After the conservative tension towards reformers during Cromwell's fall= Tried to block out his ideas but given another chance with Katherine Howard's downfall
- Cranmer discovers her heresy and this leads to the conservative downfall in 1542
42
Publication of the Great Bible
1539= written in English!
43
Act of Six Articles
1539= used as a defence against heresy but reinstates that Henry wanted to create Catholicism without the Pope
- Upheld transubstantiation
- Defended communion with water but not wine
- forbade clergy to marry
44
Reading of the Bible restricted
1543
45
The King's book
1543
- New revision of the Bishop's book but entirely written by 'Henry' = Much more conservative
- Emphasis on; seven sacraments, Ten Commandments and Act of Six Articles
46
Cranmer's Book of Homilies
1547
- Short sermons to accompany The King's Book
- Highly conservative
47
The Act of Ten Articles
1536
- Distinctive from Catholic Doctrine= very ambiguous
- Didn't name all of the seven sacraments
- Could be interpreted as the reformist view of the church
- Justification by faith
- Rituals to be removed apart from those mentioned in the act
48
Bishop's Book
1537
- Written when Henry was occupied and was very critical of the book, revoked its use 3 years later
- Salvation by faith emphasised and no mention of transubstantiation = Arguably could be seen as Lutheran in its views
49
John Lambert executed
1537
- Burned alive because he refused to accept the real presence of Christ and transubstantiation
- Henry attended the trial himself as he was so strongly against the views
50
Thomas Cromwell joins King's Council
1530 = Privy Council
- Big deal for Cromwell as he is low born and the rest of the council are noblemen
- His power causes resentment amongst nobility= especially Duke of Norfolk= MacDulloch
51
Act of Treason comes into force
1535
| -Heresy for society not to accept Henry as Supreme head/King/marriage with Anne Boleyn
52
Pope draws up Bill of excommunication not doesn't issue
1533
53
Parliament prolonged for first time
1529
54
Katherine's speech at Blackfriars
1529
55
Henry gains support from the French to marry Anne
1532
56
Tyndale's 'Obedience of a Christian Man' published
1528
- Advocates using the English bible and says that the King should be the head of the church
- Argues for the divine right of Kings
- Banned in England although Anne gives the book to Henry
57
Act of Succession
1534
- Made Henry and Katherine's marriage invalid and Mary illegitimate
- Made treason is disagree
58
Act of Supremacy
1534
- Didn't make Henry the head of the church but argued that he "rightly is and ought to be the head of the church"
- Worded to avoid that authority belonged to God
- Gave Henry to collect taxes that previously went to Rome
- Made it treasonable to call the monarch a heretic
59
Henry tells Katherine he's seeking a divorce
1527
60
Anne Boleyn's coronation
1533
61
Birth of Elizabeth
1533
62
Katherine of Aragon dies
1536
63
Anne miscarries a male child
1536
64
Religious Motives behind the Rebellions
- Returning of papal authority
- Rebellions united behind united symbolism
- Held communities together in rural and urban areas
- Tyndale's Bible= against transubstantiation
65
Social and Economic Motives behind the Rebellions
- Poor harvests in the North 1535-1536 = price rising and food shortages
- Enclosure= access to the common land was denied= Pilgrimage of Grace
- Increased rent for some people= Pontefract Articles
- Repeal of Statue of Uses for those who owned land= Henry attempted to reassert his right to ownership of all the land
66
Political Motives behind the Rebellions
-Believed that Henry had been mislead by Cromwell and Richard Rich = Responsible for break with Rome, dissolution of the monasteries
