Henry 7: Foreign Policy

Question 1

what were the main three aims of henry 7s foreign policy

Answer 1

1. National Security
2. recognition of the tudor dynasty
3. defence of english trading interests

Question 2

was Henry 7’s foreign policy a peaceful or aggressive one?

Answer 2

Peaceful

Question 3

What was the Breton Crisis?

Answer 3

as a feifdom, brittany was seperate from france.
Duke francis II ruled over brittany, he had no sons, only a daughter Anne.
France wanted to claim brittany
following a french invasion,1487,it looked like the french would win.
henry summoned parliament in 1489 granting him extraordinary revenue to raise an army to help the Bretons.
anne paid for an english army (redon)
henry sent his 3-6000 soldiers to brittany with no intentions of attacking france.
anne backed down and reluctantly married Charles VIII of France.
English left stranded.

Question 4

why did henry 7 involve himself in the Breton crisis?

Answer 4

1. a sense of obligation to the Bretons
2. fear of the potential of french power if they took over Brittany.

Question 5

who was the treaty of redon with? what did it do?

Answer 5

England and Brittany
duchess anne would pay for an english army to defend brittany against french rule

Question 6

why was henry 7 cautious about sending his army to help brittany?

Answer 6

didnt want to restart the hundred years war with the french. which is why he was adamant that they didnt attack and they were there in support of brittany.

Question 7

what led to a peace settlement between france and england?

Answer 7

henry led an invasion of france in 1492
instead of fighting through the winter, the french sought a peace settlement
henry had knew itd work as Charles VIII was more interested in Italy and wouldent seek war with england

Question 8

what was the treaty between France and England called?

Answer 8

Treaty of Étaples

Question 9

what was agreed in the treaty of Étaples?

Answer 9

charles VIII agreed to withdraw support of warbeck
henry was to be paid a French pension to compensate him having to recruit and fund an army for the invasion.

Question 10

why were the netherlands such an important country?

Answer 10

they were hugely important in the import and export in trade through the ports or Antwerp and Bruges.
under the jurisdiction of Burgundy, which meant that henry must maintain good relations

Question 11

who was margaret of burgundy?

Answer 11

sister of edward IV and Richard III
leading upholder of the yorkist cause

Question 12

what caused the relationship between Burgundy and england to worsen?

Answer 12

maximillian and phillips suppoer of warbeck
margaret of Burgundy’s yorkist claim

Question 13

what did henry 7 do to trade with Burgundy?

Answer 13

placed an embargo on it

Question 14

which of the three main aims of henry 7’s foreign policy was the most important to him?

Answer 14

establishing the tudor dynasty

Question 15

who , when and what was was the intercursus magnus?

Answer 15

who: (phillip of) bergundy and england

when: 1496

what:restored normal trading links between england and Burgundy after the embargo

Question 16

who were the prominent rulers of Spain who married in 1469?

Answer 16

Ferdinand of Aragon
Isabella of Castille

Question 17

what was the treaty of Medina Del Campo?

Answer 17

1489
Gave international peace between Spain and England, offering mutual protection should the other be attacked
Agreement not to harbor rebels or pretenders
Arranged a marriage alliance between Prince Arthur and Catherine Of Aragon

Question 18

when was the treaty of Medina Del Campo signed?

Answer 18

1489

Question 19

what were problems with the treaty of Medina Del Campo?

Answer 19

1. Ferdinand was reluctant to marry his daughter off whilst Perkin Warbeck remained a threat
2. disagreement on her dowry

Question 20

when were Arthur and Catherine married? How long for?

Answer 20

Details of the marriage agreed in 1499
Married in 1501
Arthur died of sweating sickness in 1502

Question 21

why did Ferdinand not want Catherine to marry Henry 8th?

Answer 21

He had little need for an English alliance and proposed the marriage would require papal dispensation (permission from the pope) which would be approved at a price.

Question 22

what happened in 1504 and how did it weaken ferdinands power?

Answer 22

his wife isabella of castille died
Castille was significantly bigger and more powerful than Aragon.
he became a less powerful political figure, resulting in a succession struggle in spain

Question 23

who was the Spanish succession struggle between?

Answer 23

Ferdinand of Aragon and Princess Juana and her husband Phillip of Burgundy

Question 24

what was the treaty of Windsor?

Answer 24

1506: Juana (of Spain) and Phillip (of Burgundy) washed up upon English shores
Ferdinand of Aragon was a weak leader without Isabella of Castille’s powerful influence
Juana believed she was the real queen
Henry supported Juana
Henry took advantage of this and signed the intercursus magnus, malus and gained custody of Edmund de la pole, earl of Suffolk.
Henry, having lost his wife, was promised a marriage to Phillip’s sister the archduchess Margaret, though it never happened.

Question 25

whos death proved disasterous for henry 7 in terms of foreign relations with Spain?

Answer 25

phillip of burgundy he died shortly after his and juanas return to spain ferdinand claimed that grief turned juana mad and unfit to rule, claiming the position for himself as the Regent of Castille ferdinand ensured that henry would not marry catharine off to his son henry (obviously they married after henry 7's death and h8's accession to the throne)

Question 26

in terms of henry 7s foreign policy aim of establishing his dynasty, how was phillip of burgundys death a disaster?

Answer 26

His son arthur died, his spare Henry was not brought up to be king, he also had no wife. after arthurs death elizabeth of york died in childbirth, ruining any chance of another heir. By the end of henry 7ths lifetime he became worried that his son would be the end of the dynasty he tried so hard to establish due to the lack of male heir.

Question 27

what was the traditional alliance between France and Scotland called?

Answer 27

the Auld Alliance

Question 28

scotland was its own distinct country with its own what?

Answer 28

monarch (james III, later James IV) parliament

Question 29

what was henry 7 worried about with scotland?

Answer 29

they shared a border, if james III didn't accept him as king of england, there'd be problems in the north. Henry arranged a truce between them but James died in 1488, before it could take affect.

Question 30

what happened to Scotland's relationship with H7's England after the death of James III?

Answer 30

James' son James IV was a minor, so nobled goverend for him until he came of age. these nobles were very anti-english

Question 31

how were relations between scotland and england at the start of henry 7's reign (1485-95)?

Answer 31

often tense but relatively cordial

Question 32

what did James III do in 1495 that worsened relations with henry 7?

Answer 32

offered hospitality to perkin warbeck, who stayed at court for two years, recieved a pension and an aristocratic marraige to the kings cousin, lady catharine gordon.

Question 33

what did James III tell warbeck to do in 1496 that worsened relations with henry 7?

Answer 33

encouraged him to rally an army and cross the English/Scottish border the army was small and received no support and retreated when they realised the English force was coming north from Newcastle. the uprising led henry to raise a large army to invade scotland with, this had repercussions prompting a taxation rebellion the next year

Question 34

what rebellion happened in 1497?

Answer 34

Cornish

Question 35

what happened in the Cornish rebellion of 1497?

Answer 35

large scale taxations funding the tensions in Scotland prompted the cornish to rebel.

Question 36

what became evident after the Cornish rebellion of 1497?

Answer 36

Scotland and England needed to secure an immediate truce, treaty of ayton

Question 37

what treaty/truce was made between Scotland and England after the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 37

Treaty of Ayton

Question 38

what were anglo-Scottish relations like after 1498?

Answer 38

improved significantly James no longer had any diplomatic use for Warbeck and handed him to Henry 7 Henry arranged a marriage between James and Margaret, his daughter treaty of perpetual peace ensured good relations until the end of his reign.

Question 39

who did James III of Scotland marry in 1503?

Answer 39

Princess Margaret, Henry 7's daughter

Question 40

when was the treaty of Perpetual peace signed, and by whom?

Answer 40

1502 between England and Scotland, in the marriage alliance between James III and princess Margaret.