Henry ii (Great Rebellion: previous conditions) Flashcards
(31 cards)
Who was Henry II’s eldest son, and who was he betrothed to?
Henry II’s eldest son, Henri, was betrothed to Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII, in a marriage deal negotiated by Thomas Becket in 1158.
How did Henry II gain the territory of the Vexin?
Henry II gained the Vexin in 1160 through the manipulation of the pope’s weakness during the papal schism.
Who crowned Henri in 1170?
Henri was crowned by the archbishop of York in 1170.
Who was Richard, Henry II’s second eldest son, betrothed to?
Richard was betrothed to Alice of France, daughter of Louis VII, and became the Duke of Aquitaine in 1172 under his mother Eleanor’s protection.
Who was Geoffrey, Henry II’s third eldest son, betrothed to?
Geoffrey was betrothed to the daughter of a count of Brittany in 1165, and was due to become Duke of Brittany.
What was William the Lion’s role in 1165?
William the Lion became King of Scotland in 1165 and sought to expand Scottish borders into Northern England.
What happened during the 1159 Toulouse campaign?
The 1159 Toulouse campaign was a failure, and Henry II was unable to regain the territory from Raymond, Eleanor’s cousin.
What compromise did Henry II make at Avranches due to Becket’s death?
Henry II agreed to the compromise of Avranches, severely limiting the crown’s power over the church.
What happened when Eleanor’s daughter was betrothed to Alfonso of Castile II?
Gascony was given away as a dower land, constituting 1/5 of the Aquitanian Duchy.
How was John, Henry II’s fourth son, different from his brothers?
John had no betrothal or lands settled, but he was Henry II’s favorite son, known as John Lackland.
Where was Henri crowned in 1172, and what happened to Margaret?
Henri was crowned again in 1172 by the archbishop of Rouen (France’s equivalent of the the Archbishop of Canterbury), and Margaret was crowned queen.
What mural did Henry II create in 1174?
Henry II created a mural in his Winchester house depicting four baby eaglets pecking at a larger eagle, symbolizing his four sons.
What did Gerard of Wales say about Henry II’s sons?
Gerard of Wales said Henry II referred to his sons as eaglets who persecuted him, with John being the one to insult him the most.
How did English barons feel about Henry II’s centralization policies?
English barons were discontent with lands being removed via escheat, their castles being destroyed, and the expansion of royal law such as the inquest of the Sheriffs.
What was Hugh Bigod’s grievance with Henry II?
Hugh Bigod, the earl of Chester, was discontent with the loss of his inheritance and Henry’s use of escheat to remove castles.
In addition, Henry had removed two castles from the earl, charging Bigod £666 for their return
What was Robert of Leicester’s complaint about Henry II?
Robert of Leicester was upset about being charged £333 for a breach of the peace due to non-payment of scutage.
What caused Eleanor and Richard’s discontent with Henry II regarding Toulouse?
When Toulouse was given back to the family by Raymond, Henry II received homage, not Eleanor or Richard, even though it was rightfully theirs.
How did French barons feel about Henry II’s actions?
French barons were discontent with lands and castles being taken, with Ralph of Diceto criticizing Henry’s appropriation of castles.
How did Henry II respond to opposition from barons and nobles?
Henry II used both diplomatic and military measures to continue his policies of centralization.
What was the nature of Henri’s coronation in 1170?
Henri’s coronation was merely tokenistic (largely symbolic), and the coronation oath emphasized that Henri’s rule was subordinate to Henry II’s overlordship.
How did Henry II treat Henri’s territorial rights?
Henry II did not allow Henri to independently rule Margaret of France’s dower lands and did not assign him substantial territory which also prevented Henri from dwelling with his wife.
What was Henri’s response to not having sufficient lands to maintain a household?
Henri complained about not having the means to reward his knights and rejected his father’s offer of twenty pounds a day for expenses.
What did Henri’s coins reflect about his status?
Henri’s coins were plain, single-sided, and lacked a sword, symbolizing his lack of real power.
What happened at Henri’s 18th birthday celebration in February 1173?
Henri’s 18th birthday was celebrated at Limoges with Eleanor, Richard, and many nobles of southeren Europe, but it came just months after the compromise of Avranches, when Henry II’s position was weak.
