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History Themes > Henry V11 - Government > Flashcards

Henry V11 - Government Flashcards

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1
Q

How did he establish the Tudor dynasty?

A

Coronation, Marriage, Parliament, Handling of Supporters/Opponents, Propaganda

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2
Q

Why was coronation ceremony so important to establishing rule?

A

Legitimise claim to throne, God’s approval, church’s approval, nobility swears oath of loyalty to King

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3
Q

When and where was Henry’s coronation?

A

1485, Westminister Abbey (ancient, respected.)

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4
Q

What did the speed of the coronation symbolise?

A

Safety measure to symbolise legitimacy, not just successful in battle

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5
Q

Why was coronation before parliament was called?

A

To ensure no one could say Parliament helped Henry become King

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6
Q

What did the coronation do socially?

A

United public after years of turmoil and struggle - celebrations, bonfires, crowds

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7
Q

Who carried Henry’s train at his coronation?

A

Earl of Oxford - loyal to Henry, sends positive message

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8
Q

What did the Archbishop claim Henry was at the coronation?

A

Rightful and undoubted inheritor by the laws of God and man

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9
Q

Why was Henry’s marriage to Elizabeth essential?

A

Symbolises reconciliation between House of York and Lancaster

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10
Q

Who was Elizabeth of York daughter to?

A

Edward IV

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11
Q

How did decorations at coronation show his legitimacy?

A

Wasted no expenses, Welsh red lions in gold thread on red velvet to show legitimacy and power

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12
Q

When was Arthur born and what did he do?

A

1486, gave Tudor dynasty a degree of permanence

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13
Q

How did Elizabeth of York compensate for Henry’s weak claim to throne?

A

Plantagenet blood compensated, satisfied Yorkist supporters

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14
Q

When was parliament summoned?

A

After coronation in 1485

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15
Q

When did Henry embark on royal progress?

A

1485 to the North

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16
Q

What is royal progress?

A

Tour of kingdom by monarch and court to hear petitions and grant favours, win respect of public

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17
Q

Why was royal progress important?

A

To encourage loyalty to King, to secure new dynasty, rebuild relationships after conflict

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18
Q

How did Henry travel to North/Midlands?

A

Magnificently, proudly, wanted to be heard

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19
Q

Examples of Henry rewarding supporters (3)

A

Jasper Tudor became Duke of Bedford
John de Vera became Earl of Oxford
John Morton became Lord Chancellor (later Archbishop of Canterbury)

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20
Q

What was Jasper Tudor given?

A

royal authority over Wales, played leading role in suppressing rebellions in 1486-7

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21
Q

What did rewarding supporters do?

A

Stabilised government because supporters now in control of areas across England (Midlands, North, Wales)

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22
Q

How many people were granted office for supporting Henry in exile?

A

74

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23
Q

What did Henry give to loyal supporters?

A

Land from forfeited lands of opponents

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24
Q

What were royal nobles rewarded with and what was it?

A

Order of Garter, gave nobles status

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25
How many nobles received Order of Garter during his reign?
37
26
Why did Henry date his reign a day before the Battle of Bosworth? (21 August 1485)
So opposition could be branded as traitors to the crown
27
What did Henry do with Earl of Warwick and why?
Imprisoned him, better claim to the throne
28
What did Henry VII do to opposing nobles?
Stripped them of land/power and titled
29
What did Henry also implement to gain favour?
Calculated mercy - e.g revering attainders for good behaviour
30
What did Act of Attainder do?
Henry can punish traitors by confiscating land, coercive tool, no trial
31
Why did Henry VII destroy Titilus Regius?
Identified Queen as bastard, recognised Richard III title. Historians assume other favourable documents to Richard III were also destroyed
32
What did Henry create to represent peace after 50 years of civil war?
Tudor Rose - combination of York and Lancaster
33
What first thing did Henry VII create?
First English pound as a coin
34
What did English pound do?
Put into circulation to spread message (especially to foreign visitors)
35
What does the English pounds feature?
Henry's body, Imperial crown on head, Tudor rose, coin used as mass media
36
How much of Henry's council were clerics?
50% - John Morton, Richard Fox
37
Examples of nobles on the council?
Jasper Tudor, Yorkist Earl of Surrey and Earl of Oxford
38
What kind of educated professionals were in the royal council and why?
Lawyers, needed men trained in auditing and property law. Skilled men so little regard for social class
39
How many royal councillors?
227 but usually a consistent group of 24 members met regularly under Henry VII
40
What did royal council advise Henry VII on?
Judicial capacity, matters of state
41
How did Henry use committees with members of royal council?
Each had its own area of expertise such as Court of Requests and Court of General Surveyors
42
What did Court of General Surveyors expertise in?
Crown lands
43
What was Council Learned in Law?
Small and highly professional legal committee to defend Henry's position as feudal landlord
44
Was parliament called regularly?
Infrequent meetings, less called after Henry stabilised his reign
45
What was purpose of parliament?
10% of all statutes dealt with by parliament involved responsibilities of JP's and their control within provinces
46
What was House of Lords?
made up of senior clergy and peers, Henry would converse directly
47
What was House of Commons?
made of lawyers, merchants, Henry recognised their significance, communicated through Speaker of Commons
48
How was privy chamber set up?
Henry chose 7 members - particularly those with legal background to support his rights
49
What was Court of King's Bench and was it effective?
Heard variety of civil cases, only met three months a year for three hours per day so was ineffective
50
What did Henry do for JP's?
Increased the workload and number of JP's, made them answer to him directly, dealt with poaching, riots and manual sent to JP's in 1506
51
What did Court of Star Chamber?
Oversaw operations of lower courts, members were privy councillors of judges
52
How did Star Chamber become powerful?
When it became a separate entity in 1487, supervisory body
53
Why did Henry want financial solvency?
To tackle threats, to increase his power, to ensure a smooth succession
54
Who controlled finances during henry's first two years as king and why?
Exchequer, Henry needed to focus on security as a monarch
55
What financial entity was restored in 1487?
Chamber System (estate worth reduced to 12,000 pounds in 1486) which dealt with all income
56
What was the annual turnover in 1490's?
100,000 pounds
57
Types of revenue?
Crown lands, Feudal dues, Custom duties
58
Act of Resumption 1486
Reclaimed crown lands which had been granted away since War of Roses
59
How did Henry exploit feudal finances?
To ensure good behaviour from nobles Feudal dues rose - 350 pounds in 1487 to 6,000 pounds in 1507
60
How did Henry update custom duties?
Updates book of rates twice, custom duties rose to 40,000 from 33,000 pounds
61
How did Henry increase legal dues?
Increased use of fines and attainders
62
What was average number of JP's per county?
18
63
What did JP's do every three months?
Met at quarter session
64
What power did Henry VII give to JP's?
1487 - given power to grant bail to those awaiting trial JP's allowed to reward informers
65
Regional Government
Thomas Howard - Council of North Jasper Tudor - Council in Wales and Marches Sir Edward Poyning - Council of Ireland
66
How did local government work?
Sheriff - management of parliamentary elections and peacekeeping JP's - governed and dispensed justice in Courts
67
What did Henry do regarding parliamentary taxes?
Avoided them, unpopular and triggered rebellions

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