Henry VII

Question 1

Act of Resumption

Answer 1

1486 Act - Recovered land granted away before War of the Roses

Question 2

Acts of Attainder

Answer 2

Parliamentary acts removing land/ property/rights from a noble as punishment. Could
be reversed if special conditions were met, at the King’s discretion

Question 3

Aristocracy

Answer 3

Highest class in some societies. People of noble birth holding hereditary titles and offices

Question 4

Attainder

Answer 4

The forfeiture of land/civil rights suffered as a consequence of a sentence of death
for treason/felony. (If someone is attainted, this has happened to them)

Question 5

Auld Alliance

Answer 5

Ancient pact between France and Scotland.

Question 6

Benevolences

Answer 6

Forces loan with no repayment

Question 7

Bonds

Answer 7

Bonds - written agreements where people promised to pay a sum of money if they failed to carry out a promise

Question 8

Recognisance

Answer 8

Acknowledgement of an existing debt/obligation with promise to pay if obligation is not met

Question 9

Burgess

Answer 9

Archaic term for an MP for a borough/town/university. Not in use

Question 10

Chamber

Answer 10

Set up by Yorkists to collect revenue for the Crown, with a more flexible approach,its officials were appointed directly by the king, giving him more control over them.

Question 11

Chivalry

Answer 11

Medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code

Question 12

Council Learned in Law

Answer 12

Dealt with problems concerning
royal lands and rights. Staffed by men with legal expertise. Important in enforcing bonds and recognisances. Feared and hated by end of Henry VII’s reign.

Question 13

Court of General Surveyors

Answer 13

Checked the revenue coming in from crown lands and those of which the king was feudal
overlord.

Question 14

Court of Requests

Answer 14

Part of the Royal Council, dealt with individual requests from ordinary people- gained
the nickname ‘Court for Poor Men’s Causes’.

Question 15

Crown Lands

Answer 15

Land held by the king by inheritance or confiscation from traitors.

Question 16

Customs Duties

Answer 16

Taxes on imports and exports to pay for English defences.

Question 17

Dowry

Answer 17

Money or property paid by the bride’s father to the groom’s family on his daughter’s
marriage

Question 18

Embargo

Answer 18

Prohibition of trade and commerce with a particular country

Question 19

Escheats

Answer 19

Payments made when land reverted to the Crown

Question 20

Exchequer

Answer 20

Two functions: to receive and pay out money and to audit accounts. Employed many people some of whom had the primary function of trying to stop embezzlement and fraud. Slow and the king had no direct control over it.

Question 21

Extraordinary Revenue

Answer 21

Revenue raised for emergencies only, such as war. Parliamentary approval normally
needed to raise it, although there were other circumstances where it could be raised.

Question 22

Feudal Aid

Answer 22

A due levied on special occasions

Question 23

Feudal Rights

Answer 23

King at the top of the social ladder, all land held directly from him by tenants in chief, often nobles. In return for this land, they had obligations. Their tenants had obligations to the nobles.

Question 24

Gentry

Answer 24

People of good social position, specifically the class of people next below the nobility in position and birth

Question 25

Great Council

Answer 25

Group of nobles, as well as some burgesses from previous parliaments, occasionally
summoned by the monarch

Question 26

Justice of the Peace

Answer 26

Magistrates. Responsible for law and order, enforcing statutes and royal proclamations.

Question 27

Kings Council

Answer 27

Term for the Privy Council- a permanent and hand-picked group of advisors.

Question 28

League of Venice

Answer 28

Diplomatic and military organisation formed by the Italian states to resist the French conquest of Italy. Later known as the Holy League.

Question 29

Legitimate

Answer 29

Referring to the birth of a child, when the child is born in wedlock (as part of marriage between husband and wife).

Question 30

Livery

Answer 30

Payment to the king to recover land from wardship

Question 31

Magnus Intercursus

Answer 31

The Great Treaty, that resumed good trading relations between England and Burgundy
(1496).

Question 32

Monarchy

Answer 32

Form of government with a king or queen at the top. Succession is normally hereditary.

Question 33

Nobility

Answer 33

Belonging to the aristocracy

Question 34

Order of the Garter

Answer 34

Order of knighthood introduced by Edward III in the fourteenth century and became England’s highest order of chivalry and was therefore much prized.

Question 35

Ordinary Revenue

Answer 35

Money that was collected regularly, with no need to obtain permission from Parliament.

Question 36

Papal Dispensation

Answer 36

Written permission from the pope to marry (often to a close relative) or to divorce.

Question 37

Parliamentary Grants

Answer 37

Special payments to help the king when the national interest was threatened. Voted on
by Parliament.

Question 38

Prerogative Duties

Answer 38

Tax on exports of wool, woolfells, leather, cloth and some imports.

Question 39

Pretender to the throne

Answer 39

Someone who claims they have a right to the throne/ impersonates an heir to the throne.

Question 40

Primogeniture

Answer 40

The right, by law or custom, of the firstborn male child to inherit the family estate, in preference to siblings. In the absence of children, inheritance passed to collateral relatives, usually males, in order of seniority of their lines of descent. (Oldest son inherits, or, if no sons have been born or are still living oldest and closest male in the family)

Question 41

Privy Council

Answer 41

Permanent and hand-picked group of advisors to the king.

Question 42

Profits of Justice

Answer 42

Fees paid for royal writs and letters- no court action could start without them and fines
levied by the courts.

Question 43

Prorogue

Answer 43

Suspension of a parliamentary session without dissolving parliament or calling new
elections

Question 44

Relief

Answer 44

Payment to the king when land was inherited

Question 45

Royal Progress

Answer 45

King and court move from palace to palace around the country normally
to get out of London for the summer.

Question 46

Simony

Answer 46

Selling of Church appointments

Question 47

French Pension

Answer 47

Part of the Treaty of Etaples (1492). A bribe to remove English armies from French soil.

Question 48

Percy Family

Answer 48

Largest landowners in the north of England who ruled the area as virtual kings. Their
authority was more important there than that of the king’s.

Question 49

Treaty of Étaples

Answer 49

A treaty with the French where the French court agreed to pay the English to remove their troops from French soil in 1492.

Question 50

Treaty of Medina del Campo

Answer 50

1489 - Negotiated with Spain, in essence about the marriage of Catherine of Aragon to Prince Arthur.

Question 51

Treaty of Redon

Answer 51

The Bretons (those from Brittany) promised to pay the cost of 6000 men that Henry sent to them when they were fighting against the French in 1489.

Question 52

Truce of Ayton

Answer 52

1497 - Truce following the execution of Perkin Warbeck. Sealed by the marriage of
Margaret Tudor to James IV of Scotland.

Question 53

Vacant Bishoprics

Answer 53

On the death of a bishop, his post would be kept vacant for a time and the king would protect the revenue in the meantime.

Question 54

Wardship

Answer 54

Estates of minors (children) placed under royal control until the minor came of age, but in the meantime, the estate was exploited to maximise the income for the crown.