Henry VII Consolidation Flashcards
Consolidation of Power (16 cards)
When did Henry VII become King?
22 August 1485
How did he become King?
He beat Richard III’s forces at the Battle of Bosworth 1485
Why was Henry’s position weak?
- He had no claim to the throne
- Descended through female line
- He had made many enemies in his takeover
- He had not been brought up to rule (lived in exile in Brittany for 14 years)
- Regarded as a usurper
How did he consolidate his throne?
- Predated reign 1485, day before Battle of Bosworth (anyone who fought against him at battle would be a traitor)
- Outwardly rewarded many of his supporters (conferred 11 knighthoods)
- Detained Earl of Warwick (had claim to throne)
- Made key appointments in Council and household (Bray and Stanley)
- Arranged coronation for 1485 before first meeting with Parliament in November (made his right to throne appear hereditary and not by Parliament)
- Acts of Attainder against Yorkists who fought at Battle of Bosworth (property forfeited to crown)
- Tonnage and poundage for life (right to raise revenue from imports and exports)
- 1486 married Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV (ended War of the Roses)
- Birth of Prince Arthur 1486
Who were potential Yorkist claimants?
- Earl of Warwick (son of Edward IV’s brother)
- Earl of Lincoln (Edward IV’s nephew)
Who was Margaret of Burgundy?
Edward IV and Richard III’s sister
Who were Lovell and the Staffords?
Key supporters of Richard III
What did Lovell and the Staffords attempt to achieve?
- 1486
- Attempted to gather troops in North and Midlands
- Failed to gain substantial support
- Lovell escaped
- Stafford executed
What did Lovell and the Staffords failed revolt display?
There was not enough resentment against Henry from people in the North to generate a significant threat
Who was Lambert Simnel?
Passed as Earl of Warwick, put together by Lincoln
What happened after Simnel’s failure?
- Henry put real Earl of Warwick on display for public
- Lincoln joined Lovell with Margaret of Burgundy
- Paid mercenaries to invade England
- Yorkist gentry reluctant to join
When and what was the Battle of Stoke Field?
- 1487
- Henry’s troops met M.o.B mercenaries in Nottinghamshire
- Almost all leading Yorkists killed
- Put an end to War of Roses
Who was Perkin Warbeck?
- Irritant to Henry for 8 years
- Claimed to be Duke of York
Why was Warbeck such a threat to Henry?
- Attracted patronage from foreign rulers
- 1491 appeared at Court of Charles VIII France
- Same year fled to M.o.B
- 1495 tried to come to England, instead went to James IV
- 1496 led Scottish force, quickly defeated by Henry
Why was Sir William Stanley such a threat?
- Henry’s Lord Chamberlain
- Had been conspiring with Warbeck behind Henry’s back
