Henry VII's Foreign Policy Flashcards
(20 cards)
When was the Brittany crisis?
1487-1492
When did the Brittany Crisis end?
1492
What ended the Brittany Crisis?
The Treaty of Etaples in 1492
What happened in the Brittany Crisis in 1487?
Late 1487: France attempted to marry young Charles VIII to Anne- daughter of the Duke of Brittany
- Duke Francis of Brittany tried to arrange a different marriage for Anne to the HRE Maximillian.
-Maximillian tried to arrange to have the French Royal Family brought
down.
What happened in the Brittany crisis in 1488?
1488:Charles VIII and his regent Anne Beaujeau sent an army into Brittany.
Maximillian sent troops to defend Brittany and asked Henry VII for help.
Henry sent a few hundred military volunteers over to Brittany led by Lord Scales.
Henry attempted to mediate between the French and Bretons
July
Battle of St Aubin de Comier- France won.
Duke Francis was made to sign the Treaty of Sable
September
Duke Francis of Brittany died.
France immediately took possession of 12 year old Anne.
What happened in the Brittany crisis 1489
Henry’s signed the Treaty of Medina Del Campo with Spain
Renewed his treaty with the HRE
Signed the Treaty of Redon with Brittany
Made it know to France he wasn’t declaring war but defending England’s interests
What happened in the Brittany crisis 1490
Henry sent 6,000 men to Brittany.
Successful in relieving Dixmunde the Breton town.
HRE Maximillian pulled his troops out to defend his lands elsewhere
Spain withdrew their 2,000 men as Spain was under attack before the end of 1490
What happened in the Brittany crisis 1491
Early
Henry announced his intention to declare himself King of France
Summer
Henry sent men over to France to collect a forced loan from the French to compensate for the loss of Brittany.
France didn’t pay so Henry summoned Parliament who granted him 2 subsidies to finance an invasion of France
December
Bretons accepted defeat.
Anne of Brittany was married to Charles VIII of France
What happened in the Brittany crisis 1492
Henry spent a year preparing for the invasion
He crossed the channel in October with 26,000 men.
Joined by a number of Breton Mercenaries.
Henry laid siege to Boulogne
Charles VIII was eager to be rid of Henry because he wanted to focus on Northern Italy.
After 9 days, Charles VIII asked for a peace treaty.
All Charles wanted was to keep Brittany and for Henry to leave. which Henry took full advantage of.
Made him sign the Treaty of Etaples
What did the Treaty of Etaples say?
France would not harbour any pretenders
France should pay for Henry’s costs for invading Brittany
France should pay the money owed from the 1475 Treaty of Picquigny
Total payment owed- 745,000 gold crowns
Paid at 50,000 crowns a year
Reasons the Treaty of Etaples was successful
Henry had proven a point to fellow continental monarchs that he was prepared to be aggressive so they should involve him in European affairs
Henry earnt more extraordinary income
5% of his annual income from the treaty
Reasons the Treaty of Etaples wasn’t successful
Henry hadn’t won any spectacular military victories or glory against France
Brittany had still been lost to France
What aims did the Treaty of Etaples achieve?
Secured the throne
Achieve international recognition
Maintained Prestige while keeping costs down
What did Brittany do in 1487
Lambert Simnel given support by Margaret of Burgundy
What did the Pope do in 1486
January - Pope Innocent gave dispensation for Henry to marry Elizabeth
What did the HRE do between 1485-1492
1487- Signed a one year truce
1489- Henry renewed his treaty with the HRE
When was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo
1489
Who was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo between
Spain and England
What did Brittany do between 1485-1492
July 1486- Commercial Treaty signed
1487-1492- Brittany Crisis
1488- Battle of St Aubin de Comier
August 1488- Treaty of Sable -France
1489- Treaty of Redon
What did Scotland do between 1485-1492
1486- 3 Year truce established
1488- James III assassinated
James IV- took the throne at 15- 1488
