Henry VIII, 1509–1547: Relationships with Scotland and Other Foreign Powers - Scotland

Question 1

Outline the main events of foreign policy with Scotland from 1509-1547

Answer 1

• 1513

• James IV invades north-east England to distract Henry from invading France
• Battle of Flodden results in death of James IV

• 1538

• James V marries Mary of Guise
• James V refuses to make agreement with England

• 1542

• Scottish beaten at Battle of Solway Moss
• James V dies a week later, Mary Queen of Scots becomes queen

• 1543
- Treaty of Greenwich betrothed Prince Edward to Queen Mary

• 1544

• Treaty collapses
• Earl of Hertford ordered to raid Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews

Question 2

When did James IV invade England?

Answer 2

• 1513

Question 3

Why did James IV invade north-east England?

Answer 3

• To try divert English troops from going to France

Question 4

How did Henry respond to James IV’s invasion?

Answer 4

• 1513
• Henry in France so Catherine of Aragon as regent, orders army to fight back
• James IV killed in Battle of Flodden
• 10,000 Scots killed; 1,500 English killed

Question 5

How many Scottish and English troops were killed at the Battle of Flodden?

Answer 5

• 10,000 Scots killed

- 1,500 English killed

Question 6

How significant was the Battle of Flodden?

Answer 6

• James IV killed so baby James V becomes king
• Weakens Scotland so not a threat for a long time
• Boosts England’s reputation

Question 7

When does James V marry and who does he marry?

Answer 7

• 1538

- Marries Mary of Guise, a relative of Francis I

Question 8

What does Henry do after James V marries and how does James respond?

Answer 8

• Henry seeks agreement to secure English security despite new auld marriage alliance
• James V refuses, embarrassing Henry

Question 9

How does Henry respond to James V’s refusal to make an agreement?

Answer 9

• 1542
• Defeats Scots at Battle of Solway Moss
• Over 1,000 Scots prisoners taken
• James V dies a week later, leaving baby Mary as queen

Question 10

When was the Battle of Solway Moss?

Answer 10

• 1542

Question 11

Describe the treaty made between Scotland and England

Answer 11

• Treaty of Greenwich
• 1543
• Queen Mary betrothed to Prince Edward

Question 12

When was the Treaty of Greenwich created?

Answer 12

• 1543

Question 13

Did the Treaty of Greenwich last?

Answer 13

• No

- Scotland withdraws support for treaty

Question 14

How does Henry react to the collapse of the Treaty of Greenwich?

Answer 14

• 1544-1545

- Orders Earl of Hertford (later Protector Somerset) to raid Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews

Question 15

When does Earl of Hertford raid Edinburgh, Leith and St Andrews?

Answer 15

• 1544-1545

Question 16

What were the outcomes of Henry’s foreign policy with Scotland?

Answer 16

• Neglected opportunity to invade Scotland in 1542 after James V’s death
• Failed to maintain Treaty of Greenwich
• 1544-1545 raids only alienated Scottish further
• Prevented Scotland and France from jointly attacking England but at great financial cost (subsidies, debasement, sale of monastic lands) leading to financial difficulties for rest of Tudor dynasty