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Henry VIII > Henry VIII and Wolsey > Flashcards

Henry VIII and Wolsey Flashcards

1
Q

When did Henry VII die?

A

1509

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2
Q

What early action did Henry take that won him popularity?

A

executed Dudley and Empson who were responsible for economic unrest
Married Catherine of Aragon improving relations with Spain

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3
Q

Why was war an interest of Henry?

A

It was seen as chivalrous and a “Kingly” activity as well as a need to take the French crown

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4
Q

When and where were Henry’s early war campaigns?

A

France in 1512 and 1513

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5
Q

Outline the features of the 1513 invasion of France

A

Henry took the internationally known city of Tournai and defeated France in the Battle of the Spurs

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6
Q

What were two successes of Henrys early war campaigns?

A

Glory and foreign recognition
Henry’s sister Mary married Louis XII

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7
Q

How did Wolsey rise to power?

A

Supported Henry’s war policy by organising supplies for the 1513 campaign

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8
Q

When did Wolsey officially rise to power?

A

1515 after becoming Lord Chancellor and a Cardinal

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9
Q

What were the main features of Henry’s foreign policy?

A

Military glory
Claim the French throne
Secure dynasty

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10
Q

When was the treaty of London?

A

1518

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11
Q

What were the features of the treaty of London?

A

International peace treaty of major powers with England at the centre. It was short lived when Charles I became HRE in 1519

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12
Q

When was the Field of Cloth of Gold?

A

1520

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13
Q

What happened at the Field of Cloth of Gold?

A

Peace talks with Francis near Calais however nothing was achieved and Henry wasted a years income

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14
Q

When did Henry send an army to France in order to aid Charles I?

A

1523

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15
Q

What happened during Henry’s invasion of France in 1523?

A

Charles abandoned Henry as he became more interested with Italy. England returned having wasted £400,000

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16
Q

What did Henry intend to do following Charles’s capture of Francis in 1525?

A

Assert his claim to the French throne as an ally to Charles

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17
Q

Why was Henry unable to gain the French throne following Charles’s capture of Francis?

A

Wolsey was unable to raise funds meaning they couldn’t raise a force to join Charles

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18
Q

What did failure to gain Charles’ support drive Henry to do?

A

Ally with France through the treaty of More in 1525

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19
Q

How was Henry let down by France in 1528?

A

Henry declared war against Spain however France made peace with them and England was invited to peace talks last minuet

20
Q

Why did Charles make Henrys marriage difficult?

A

Catherine was Charles aunt and he had lots of power meaning defying him was risky

21
Q

How did Wolsey make legal reforms?

A

Court of star chamber and the Court of Chancery

22
Q

What was the Court of Star Chamber?

A

Used to attack powerful people such as nobles

23
Q

What was the Court of Chancery?

A

Used to deal with cases concerning the poor

24
Q

What tax allowed for Wolsey to gain more money?

A

The subsidy which was based on accurate assessment of wealth

25
Q

How much was Wolsey able to raise for Henrys 1523 invasion compared to what he expected?

A

Hoped to raise £800,000 but only managed to raise £300,000

26
Q

How did Wolsey attempt to raise money which caused unrest?

A

Through the Amicable Grant 1525

27
Q

Why did the Amicable Grant fail?

A

Unrest in East Anglia caused Henry to remove the grant and forced Wolsey to apologise

28
Q

How can Wolsey be viewed as a champion of the poor?

A

Fought against enclosures

29
Q

How many land owners did Wolsey take legal action against during his time in power?

A

264

30
Q

How did Wolsey increase his influence on Henry after the failure of the Amicable Grant?

A

passed the Eltham Ordinances in 1526 which gave him more control over the kings chamber

31
Q

What was the highest position in the English Church (held by Wolsey)

A

Legatus a Latere

32
Q

How did Wolsey go against his religious powers?

A

fathered children despite taking a vow of celibacy

33
Q

How did the church gain support between 1520 and 1529?

A

57% of people from Devon and Cornwall left money in their wills for religious purposes

34
Q

What were some concerns about the church?

A

People were concerned that the clergy were being greedy

35
Q

How were clergy attacked in 1511?

A

Dean of St’ Pauls attacked greedy clergy while preaching

36
Q

How was Wolsey undermining his religious power?

A

He didn’t visit York until 1520

37
Q

What were the three main reasons for Henry wanting a divorce?

A

Belief it was against god’s will
Male heir to the throne
Henry was in love with Anne Boleyn

38
Q

What was Wolsey’s fatal mistake surrounding the divorce?

A

He promised the divorce would be easy (by convincing the pope that the papal dispensation of Arthur and Catherine was invalid)

39
Q

How did Charles I make the divorce difficult?

A

Charles took Rome in 1527 and held the pope as a virtual prisoner

40
Q

Why would Charles stop Henry from divorcing Catherine?

A

Catherine was Charles’ Aunt and so he had influence in England which he was unwilling to give up

41
Q

Why couldn’t the pope agree that the marriage was invalid?

A

Popes can not be wrong in the eyes of god

42
Q

How did the pope retaliate to Wolsey holding the divorce case in England?

A

The pope would send Cardinal Campeggio who was unwilling to allow the divorce

43
Q

How did the Boleyn faction harm Wolsey?

A

They convinced Henry that Wolsey was against him and was being deliberately slow with the divorce

44
Q

When did Henry finally decide that Wolsey had failed him?

A

1529

45
Q

What was the charge given to Wolsey following his failure to get the divorce?

A

Praemunire (loyalty to a foreign power)

46
Q

What does Wolsey’s charge of praemunire suggest?

A

The Boleyn faction was the greatest influence over Henry as Henry was convinced Wolsey was deliberately going against him

47
Q

When did Wolsey die?

A

1530 (on his way to being executed)

Henry VIII (2 decks)

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