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Clinical Medicine > HENT > Flashcards

HENT Flashcards

1
Q

Strabismus

A

Cross eyes

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2
Q

Peritonsillar abscess

A

Abscess behind the tonsils

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3
Q

Peritonsillar abscess differential

A

severe one sided sore throat, difficulty swallowing and opening mouth, cervical lymphadenopathy, hot potato voice

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4
Q

Peritonsillar abscess TX

A

drainage and abx

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5
Q

Peritonsillar abscess DX

A

erythematous pharynx, displaced uvula

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6
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess differential

A

head tilting towards the unaffected side, nuchal rigidity, neck swelling

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7
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess TX

A

incision and drainage, IV abx, airway management

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8
Q

Papilledema differential

A

venous engorgement, hemorrhages near optic disc, blurring of optic disc margins, no pain

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9
Q

Papilledema SX

A

headaches, malaise, vision loss/blurring, nausea

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10
Q

Blepharitis

A

infection of the eyelid, clogged oil glands or over growth of bacteria

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11
Q

Hordeolum

A

localized infection/swelling of the eyelid. “Big Bump”=stye

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12
Q

Blepharitis/chalazion/hordeolum TX

A

Antibiotic ointment, warm compress

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13
Q

Chalazion

A

infection of the mieobian gland

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14
Q

chalazion differential

A

painless unlike hordeolum or blepharitis

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15
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

infection/swelling of the conjunctiva. PT presents with redness, water or purulent discharge, pain or itching, eye may be stuck shut in the morning

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16
Q

Conjunctivitis TX

A

abx for bacterial conjunctivitis, flushing the eye with saline for viral

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17
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

injury to the cornea. PT presents with pain, blurry vision, FBS, sometimes cannot open eye. Can be visualized with stain

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18
Q

Corneal abrasion TX

A

polymyxcin/bacitracin ointment/NSAID

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19
Q

Corneal Ulcer differential

A

history of infection, pain, tearing, vision loss, constricted pupil, aqueous flare,

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20
Q

Corneal Ulcer TX

A

depending on cause, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal

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21
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

inflammtion/infection of the lacrimal gland

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22
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

inflammation/infection of the lacrimal sac

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23
Q

Dacryocystitis/adenitis TX

A

warm compress, rarely surgical intervention

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24
Q

Ectropion/Entropion

A

eye rolling out/in

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25
Q

Glaucoma

A

elevated pressure within the eye causing damage to the optic nerve

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26
Q

Glaucoma differential

A

acute closed angle-halo’s, pain open angle-PERIPHERAL vision loss, often asymptomatic

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27
Q

Glaucoma Exam findings

A

cupping, optic disc:cup ratio smaller than 1:3, IOP>21

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28
Q

Glaucoma TX

A

Prostaglandins, beta blockers, alpha agonist, surgery

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29
Q

Macular degeneration differential

A

loss of CENTRAL vision

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30
Q

Macular degeneration exam findings

A

amslers grid, atrophy of the macula

31
Q

Macular degeneration TX

A

Veg-F inhibitors, surgery

32
Q

Hyphema

A

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye frequently caused by trauma

33
Q

Hyphema TX

A

sleep with head up, self limiting, no eye strain

34
Q

orbital cellulitis

A

infection of the orbital tissues

35
Q

Orbital cellulitis TX

A

refer!! EMERGENT needs IV abx, vision and life threatening

36
Q

Pterygium

A

benign growth of fibrovascular tissue

37
Q

Pterygium TX

A

surgery if it disrupts vision

38
Q

Retinal detachment

A

fluid allowed behind the retina due to trauma

39
Q

retinal detachment differential

A

“curtain falling” sudden vision loss, PAINLESS

40
Q

retinal detachment exam findings

A

retinal may appear hanging, asymmetric red reflex

41
Q

Retinal detachment TX

A

surgery, REFER

42
Q

retinal vascular occlusion

A

blockage of vessels leading into or out of the eye. blurred vision loss

43
Q

Retinal Vascular Occlusion exam findings

A

artery=cherry red spot, vein=exudates, “blood and thunder fundus”

44
Q

Retinal vascular occlusion TX

A

artery occlusion is emergency!! vein occlusion usually resolves itself if underlying cause is treated

45
Q

Retinopathy differential

A

DM- cotton wool spots, HTN- arteriolar narrowing

46
Q

Angioedema

A

allergic reaction similar to hives

47
Q

Uveitis/iritis/scleritis

A

inflammation of the eye. tender, acute pain, may have some discharge

48
Q

Uveitis/iritis/scleritis tx

A

steroids if needed. refer

49
Q

Exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eye often due to Graves disease

50
Q

Pinguecula

A

benign growth on conjunctiva

51
Q

corneal herpes simplex

A

HSV keratitis, pain

52
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

tumor on the vestibulocochlear nerve

53
Q

acoustic neuroma presentation and TX

A

gradual hearing loss, dizziness. surgical removal, observation

54
Q

Barotrauma exam findings

A

pain, dizziness, aural fullness, history of flying or diving

55
Q

Barotrauma TX

A

decongestants, antihistamines, tympanic tubes

56
Q

cholesteatoma

A

overgrowth of squamous cells within the ear. will see crusting on tympanic membrane, chronic ear drainage

57
Q

cholesteatoma TX

A

REFER, surgical removal most often

58
Q

Mastoiditis

A

infection of the mastoid bone. usually secondary to otitis media

59
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

A

=herpes zoster outbreak. presents with painful rash on the side of face. BURNING, on face, ear, and eye. may have vertigo, decreased hearing, weakness on the side of face with the rash.

60
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome TX

A

high dose steroids and antivirals. REFER

61
Q

Nasal septal disorders

A

septal perforation, deviation, turbinate hypertrophy

62
Q

vasomotor rhinitis

A

imbalance of neurological input with reduced sympathetic input

63
Q

Vasomotor rhinitis TX

A

antihistamines, anticholinergic spray, nasal steroids

64
Q

Acute/chronic sinusitis TX

A

bacterial-abx. Viral-decongestants, mucolytics

65
Q

Allergic rhinitis differential

A

shiners, lungs and skin, eyes involved

66
Q

Allergic rhinitis TX

A

antihistamines, nasal steroids, nasal decongestants, immunotherapy

67
Q

Allergic rhinitis DX

A

skin prick, RAST testing

68
Q

Acute pharyngitis

A

Sore throat! sudden, fever, no cough

69
Q

oral candiadisis

A

small white patches, antivirals

70
Q

Saliadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary glands. can be parotid, submandibular, or minor

71
Q

Saliadenitis TX

A

augmentin, sour candy, or steroids

72
Q

Hand, foot and mouth

A

viral, blisters on hands/feet and ulcerative lesions in the mouth

73
Q

Hand, foot and mouth TX

A

no treatment, just management

Clinical Medicine (1 decks)

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