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HENT Treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

1st line treatment for Otitis Externa

A

Topical antimicrobials
- acetic acid
- QUINOLONES
- sulfonamides
- aminoglycosides

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2
Q

Other treatments for otitis externa

A
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Systemic Abx for severe infection
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3
Q

Treatments for Malignant Otitis Externa

A

IV Abx - CIPROFLOXACIN (1ST LINE)

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4
Q

Treatment for acute Otitis Media

A

ABX!!
Amoxicillin = 1st line in kids
Augmentin = 1st line in adults
PCN allergy: Cephalosporins, Doxycycline, or Azithromycin

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5
Q

When do you just observe for otitis media treatment?

A
  • healthy children
  • age 6-24 months
  • unilateral non-severe pain
  • age >24 months with non-severe pain, unilateral or bilateral
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6
Q

Treatment for ruptured TM

A

ABX!!
Amoxicillin or Augmentin

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7
Q

Treatment for chronic otitis media

A

Refer to ENT for surgical repair / tympanostomy tubes

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8
Q

Treatment for mastoiditis

A

Broad spectrum IV antibiotics + Myringotomy

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9
Q

Treatment for cholesteatoma

A

Surgical repair

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10
Q

Treatment for acute OM in a patient with tympanostomy tubes?

A

Ciprodex (fluoroquinolone combination steroid drops)

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11
Q

Uncomplicated unilateral AOM in a child > 6 months

A

Observe / Amoxicillin

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12
Q

Uncomplicated, unilateral AOM in an adult

A

Augmentin

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13
Q

Unilateral ruptured TM in a child > 6 months

A

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

Uncomplicated AOE in a child > 6 months or an adult

A

Ciprodex

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15
Q

Unilateral AOM in a child > 6 months with recurrent OM recently treated with antibiotics

A

Augmentin or 2nd/3rd gen Cephalosporin

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16
Q

Unilateral or bilateral OME in a child > 6 months or an adult

A

Antihistamine, decongestant, monitor

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17
Q

Treatment for conductive hearing loss?

A

Refer to ENT

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18
Q

Treatment for sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Refer to ENT
Cochlear implants
Hearing aids

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19
Q

Treatment for Acoustic Neuroma?

A

Refer to ENT
- Surgical resection
- Radiation
- Observation

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20
Q

Treatment for tinnitus?

A

Dependent on cause

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21
Q

Treatment for barotrauma?

A

PREVENTION!
- oral decongestants
- swallowing
- ear plugs
- ventilation tubes

Treatment of injury
- Surgical repair
- Abx if TM is perforated
- Analgesics

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22
Q

What requires an urgent referral to ENT?

A

Barotrauma + vertigo + hearing loss

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23
Q

When would you treat an auricular hematoma with a needle aspiration?

A

<2cm and/or present <24 hours

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24
Q

When would you treat an auricular hematoma with an I&D?

A

> 2cm up to 7 days old

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25
Treatment for BPPV?
- EPLEY MANEUVER Meds used with high frequency of episodes - 1st line: Antihistamines - Benzodiazepines Surgery for severe cases
26
Treatment for vestibular neuritis?
- 10 day Prednisone taper - Meclizine 25-50mg q8h OR Diphenhydramine 25mg q6-q8h
27
Can Ménière's disease be cured?
NO! You can relieve symptoms but will not "fix" the underlying disease
28
Treatments for Meniere's disease?
Lifestyle adjustments (low salt) Diuretics Antiemetics (MECLIZINE) Anxiolytics Antihistamines TCAs
29
Treatment for persistent postural perceptual dizziness?
SSRI/NRI (Effexor) Vestibular rehab Cognitive behavioral therapy
30
Treatment for mild/episodic allergic rhinitis?
- 1st line: oral antihistamine - nasal antihistamine - glucocorticoid nasal spray
31
Treatment for mod/severe allergic rhinitis?
- glucocorticoid nasal spray - oral antihistamines - Montelukast - Systemic glucocorticoid - Allergen immunotherapy
32
Treatment for bacterial infectious rhinosinusitis?
ABX! - Augmentin - Doxycycline - Levofloxacin
33
Treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis?
- intranasal saline - intranasal steroids
34
Treatment for nasal polyps?
Refer to ENT - 1st line: intranasal glucocorticoid
35
Treatment for epistaxis
1. Conservative measures 2. Cautery 3. Nasal packing 4. AUGMENTIN (prevent TSS)
36
What types of nasal packing can be used to treat anterior epistaxis?
- Nasal tampons (Merocel) - Gauze packing (Xeroform) - Nasal balloon catheters (Rapid Rhino) - Thrombogenic foams/gels
37
What types of nasal packing can be used to treat posterior epistaxis?
- Nasal balloon catheters: Rapid Rhino, EpiStat, Foley Cath
38
Treatment for foreign bodies in the nose?
- Positive pressure - instrumentation (Katz extractor, Alligator forceps)
39
Treatment for asymptomatic, minimal swelling, no septal deviation or hematoma?
None
40
Treatment for a nasal fracture without hematoma?
Follow up with ENT in 3-5 days
41
Treatment for a septal hematoma?
ENT consult
42
Treatment for viral infectious rhinosinusitis?
Symptomatic
43
What is the treatment for GABHS?
- 1st line: Penicillin V 250mg po TID or 500mg BID x 10 days OR Cefuroxime acetil 250mg bid x 5-10 days - PCN allergy: erythromycin, azithromycin 500mg QD x 3 days - Unable to take PO meds: single IM benzathine PCN
44
What is the treatment for peritonsillar abscess?
ABX - Less severe: Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Clindamycin - More severe: parenteral Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin-sulbactam, Clindamycin Needle aspiration I&D Tonsillectomy
45
What is the treatment for a retropharyngeal abscess?
Begin with conservative Abx - Bactrim, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Augmentin If Abx fail, surgical I&D
46
What is the treatment for Ludwig's angina?
- AIRWAY PROTECTION - Broad spectrum IV Abx: Unasyn or Clindamycin - IV steroids
47
What is the treatment for Epiglottis?
- STABILIZE AIRWAY - Humidified O2 - IV ABX (2 DRUG REGIMEN) 3rd gen cephalosporin + Vancomycin
48
What is the treatment for Croup?
- DEXAMETHASONE (steroid) - antipyretics for fever/pain - humidified RA
49
Treatment of laryngitis > 2 weeks without symptoms of URI?
Refer to ENT (suspect cancer)
50
Treatment for xerostomia?
- Eliminate med that is causing if possible - promote gum chewing - encourage oral hydration - OTC saliva substitutes - Cholinergic agonist - Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Salagen)
51
Treatment for mucocele affecting speech, feeding or discomfort?
Surgical removal of entire lesion + minor salivary gland
52
Treatment for oral ranulas?
Surgical removal of sublingual gland
53
Treatment for plunging ranulas?
Surgical removal of sublingual gland
54
Treatment for sialolithiasis?
- Conservative - Sialogogues - Hydration - NSAIDs - Warm compress - Massage gland - Remove anticholinergic med - Abx only if bacterial
55
Treatment for bacterial sialadenitis?
IV Abx - Nafcillin + Flagyl or Unasyn Supportive IF SYMPTOMS DO NOT IMPROVE OR REOCCUR REFER TO ENT
56
Treatment for viral sialadenitis?
Symptomatic treatment Prevention (MMR vaccine)
57
What meds do you prescribe for dental prophylaxis?
1st line: Amoxicillin PCN allergic: Cephalexin, Cefadroxil, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Doxycycline
58
Treatment for gingivitis?
- Effective tooth brushing and flossing - Regular dental visits
59
Treatment for gingival hyperplasia?
- Meticulous oral hygiene - Regular cleanings - May require gum resection surgery
60
Treatment for ANUG?
- ABX: Metronidazole, Augmentin, Clindamycin - Debridement - Chlorohexidine rinses - Augmented oral hygiene
61
Treatment for periodontitis?
- Effective brushing and flossing - Stop tobacco, cannabis & other irritants - Dental referral for deep root scaling
62
Treatment for leukoplakia >3 weeks?
REFER TO ENT FOR EVAL AND BIOPSY
63
Treatment for aphthous stomatitis?
mild forms - no treatment Can use topical or intralesional steroids
64
Treatment for herpes labialis?
Systemic antiviral agents - acyclovir or valacyclovir
65
Treatment for Coxsackie A virus?
Supportive
66
Treatment for pyogenic granulomas?
Conservative surgical excision
67
Treatment of geographic tongue?
No treatment
68
Treatment of a bony tori?
Surgical removal only if it affects oral function, interferes with denture fabrication or is subject to recurrent trauma or ulceration
69
Treatment of candidiasis?
Topical or systemic antifungals: - Nystatin swish swallow - Clotrimazole - Fluconazole
70
Treatment of lichen planus?
- Asymptomatic - no treatment - Topical corticosteroid gels or mouth rinses

Clin Med (9 decks)

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