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Hepato Biliary > Hepatitis A B C > Flashcards

Hepatitis A B C Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is the earliest marker for Hepatitis B virus?

A

HBs Ag (Australian Ag)

HBs Ag is the first detectable antigen in Hepatitis B infection.

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2
Q

What is the window period in Hepatitis B diagnosis?

A

IgM Anti HBc (HBsAg and anti-HBs does not appear in blood)

During this period, the typical markers for Hepatitis B may not be detectable.

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3
Q

What is the most sensitive indicator for Hepatitis B virus infection?

A

HBV DNA in serum

HBV DNA testing can detect the virus even when other markers are negative.

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4
Q

What marker indicates active proliferation of the virus in hepatic cells?

A

HBeAg

HBeAg is associated with increased viral replication and infectivity.

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5
Q

What percentage of acute hepatitis cases in immunocompetent individuals progress to chronic HB?

A

1-2%

Most acute cases resolve without progressing to chronic infection.

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6
Q

What is the risk of developing cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis B?

A

25-40%

Chronic hepatitis B can lead to severe liver complications including cirrhosis.

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7
Q

What are some extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis B?

A
  • Rash
  • Urticaria
  • Arthritis
  • Glomerulonephritis

These manifestations are systemic effects of the viral infection.

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8
Q

Which markers are positive in chronic hepatitis B?

A
  • HBV DNA
  • Anti HBeAg IgG antibody
  • HBeAg

These markers indicate ongoing infection and immune response.

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9
Q

What does Hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) indicate?

A

Active infection

A negative test for HBsAg makes HBV infection very unlikely.

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10
Q

When does HBsAg appear in the blood during the infection timeline?

A

Late incubation period but before the prodromal phase

HBsAg is one of the first markers to appear in the infection process.

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11
Q

How long does HBsAg typically last in the blood?

A

3-4 weeks; can persist up to 5 months

Prolonged presence of HBsAg indicates potential chronic infection.

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12
Q

What does persistence of HBsAg for longer than 6 months indicate?

A

Chronic infection

This is a key criterion for diagnosing chronic Hepatitis B.

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13
Q

When does the antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) appear?

A

After 3-6 months

Anti-HBs indicates recovery and immunity from Hepatitis B.

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14
Q

What is a route of transmission of hepatitis B

A
  1. Percutaneous
  2. Sexual
  3. Prenatal
    Horizontal transmission(10%)
  4. Injection drug
    2 playground play as a toddler(in Africa)
    3.infected unscreen blood
  5. Tattoos acupunctures needle

Vertical transmission(90%)
1.HBsAg mother

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15
Q

By which virus Hepatitis B is caused and what is its incubation period?

A

Hepadnavirus

Incubation period 30 - 180 days

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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

What type of virus is Hepatitis A classified as?

A

Picornavirus single standard RNA
5-45days ip

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19
Q

What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

A

Feco-oral route

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20
Q

How long is HAV excreted in stools after the onset of clinical illness?

A

7-14 days

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21
Q

What is the typical recovery time for Hepatitis A?

A

6-12 months

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22
Q

Does Hepatitis A lead to chronic infection?

A

Nil

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23
Q

Does a chronic carrier state occur with Hepatitis A?

A

No

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24
Q

What is used for the diagnosis of Hepatitis A?

A

IgM anti-HAV in acute or early convalescent serum sample

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25
Is Anti-HAV of the IgG type useful for diagnosis?
No, it is of no diagnostic value as HaV infection is common and it persist for years after infection for the person has vaccinated
26
27
What is the size of the Hepatitis C virus?
Flavivirus with RNA genome IP 15 to 160 days and root of transmission is percutaneous
28
What are the routes of transmission for Hepatitis C?
Percutaneous
29
What percentage of chronic Hepatitis C infections progress to chronic infection?
> 50%
30
Is there active or passive protection against Hepatitis C virus?
No
31
What serious condition can develop later in patients with chronic Hepatitis C?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
32
What is the primary risk factor for chronic Hepatitis C infection in the UK?
Intravenous drug misuse
33
What percentage of new Hepatitis C cases in the UK are due to intravenous drug misuse?
95%
34
What are the risks associated with unscreened blood products in relation to Hepatitis C?
Risk of transmission
35
What is the risk percentage of vertical transmission of Hepatitis C?
3%
36
What is the risk percentage of Hepatitis C transmission through needlestick injury?
3%
37
What type of transmission is associated with contaminated vaccination needles?
Iatrogenic parenteral transmission
38
What household items can pose a risk for Hepatitis C transmission?
Sharing toothbrushes/razors
39
What is the primary diagnostic marker for Hepatitis C in serum?
Anti-HCV
40
What is another diagnostic marker for Hepatitis C in serum?
HCV RNA
41
What percentage of Hepatitis C cases are clinically mild?
Follows > 50% cases
42
What laboratory finding is associated with chronic Hepatitis C?
Aminotransferase elevation
43
What type of chronic hepatitis is often seen on liver biopsy for chronic Hepatitis C?
Mild chronic hepatitis
44
What conditions are associated with chronic Hepatitis C?
* Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia * Porphyria cutanea tarda * Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
45
What can chronic hepatitis lead to after decades of infection?
Cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
46
How is chronic HBV infection characterized?
Dynamic process divided into five phases
47
What is the size of the Hepatitis C virus?
55 nm
48
What type of genome does the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) have?
RNA genome
49
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis C?
15-160 days
50
What are the routes of transmission for Hepatitis C?
Percutaneous
51
What percentage of chronic Hepatitis C infections lead to cirrhosis?
<20%
52
What percentage of chronic Hepatitis C infections progress to chronic infection?
> 50%
53
Is there active or passive protection against Hepatitis C virus?
No
54
What serious condition can develop later in patients with chronic Hepatitis C?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
55
What is the primary risk factor for chronic Hepatitis C infection in the UK?
Intravenous drug misuse
56
What percentage of new Hepatitis C cases in the UK are due to intravenous drug misuse?
95%
57
What are the risks associated with unscreened blood products in relation to Hepatitis C?
Risk of transmission
58
What is the risk percentage of vertical transmission of Hepatitis C?
3%
59
What is the risk percentage of Hepatitis C transmission through needlestick injury?
3%
60
What type of transmission is associated with contaminated vaccination needles?
Iatrogenic parenteral transmission
61
What household items can pose a risk for Hepatitis C transmission?
Sharing toothbrushes/razors
62
What is the primary diagnostic marker for Hepatitis C in serum?
Anti-HCV
63
What is another diagnostic marker for Hepatitis C in serum?
HCV RNA
64
What percentage of Hepatitis C cases are clinically mild?
Follows > 50% cases
65
What laboratory finding is associated with chronic Hepatitis C?
Aminotransferase elevation
66
What type of chronic hepatitis is often seen on liver biopsy for chronic Hepatitis C?
Mild chronic hepatitis
67
What conditions are associated with chronic Hepatitis C?
* Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia * Porphyria cutanea tarda * Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
68
What can chronic hepatitis lead to after decades of infection?
Cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
69
How is chronic HBV infection characterized?
Dynamic process divided into five phases
70

Hepato Biliary (3 decks)

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