Liver damage caused by alcohol consumption resulting in hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver
Alcohol-induced Liver Disease
A build up of lipids that are deposited in liver tissue
Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty Liver Disease in early stages is often _____ and diagnosis requires _____
asymptomatic
biopsy of liver tissue
Management of fatty liver disease includes
implementation of weight loss programs and exercise programs
A chronic liver condition in which the liver paranchyma and architecture is destroyed fibrous tissue is laid down, and regenerative nodules are formed
Cirrhosis
Considered an end-stage condition
Cirrhosis
Causes of Cirrhosis
- Chronic alcohol abuse
- drugs
- autoimmune disorders
- metabolic diseases
- genetic diseases
- chronic hepatitis
- cardiac problems
- chronic biliary tract obstruction
Two functional impairments
- impaired liver function
2. portal hypertension
the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity
Ascites
A result of portal hypertension, chronic hepatitis, congestive heart failure, renal failure, cancer
Ascites
patients with ascites generally complain of:
non-specific abdominal pain
dyspnea
Medical treatment for ascites
bedrest dietary restriction of sodium use of diuretics treatments of complications elimination of the underlying causes
Diagnosis/Treatment of Cirrhosis
sonography
biopsy
acute inflammation of the liver
viral hepatitis
prevents ability to excrete bilirubin
viral hepatitis
evidences of viral hepatitis
nausea vomiting discomfort tenderness over the liver jaundice
“infectious hepatitis” and it is excreted in the GI tract in fecal material
Hepatitis A
spread by contact with an infected individual, normally through ingestion of contaminated food or water
Hepatitis A
highly contagious
Hepatitis A
“serum hepatitis”
Hepatitis B
transmission is parenteral in infected blood products
Hepatitis B
incubation is longer with severe effects
Hepatitis B
caused by a parenterally transmitted RNA virus
Hepatitis C
accounts for 80% of the cases of hepatitis that develop after blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Common in females
Cholelithiasis
Great occurrence in diabetic people, obese and in parous women
Cholelithiasis
Characteristics of stones varies:
- single or multiple appearance
- 80% …. and 20%…
Size of gallstones varies from
size of a pinhead to the size of a marble
acute inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Characterized clinically by a sudden onset of pain, nausea, and vomiting
Cholecystitis
common in individuals with chronically symptomatic cholelithiasis
Cholecystitis
Treatment for cholecystisis
Cholecystectomy
Inflammation of pancreatic tissue
Pancreatitis
causes include excessive and chronic alcohol consumption, obstruction of hepatopancreatic ampulla by a gallstone or tumor, and even the injection of contrast media during ERCP
Pancreatitis
yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes
Jaundice
not a disease itselft but rather a sign of a disease
Jaundice
the accumulation of excess bile pigments in the body tissues “stains” the skin and eyes this yellowish color
Jaundice
occurs because of hemolytic disease in which too many red blood cells are destroyed or because of liver damage from cirrhosis or hepatitis
medical (non obstructive) jaundice
most common appearance is transient in the first few days after birth, which more bile pigments are released than can be handled
medical (nonobstructive) jaundice
occurs when the biliary system is obstructed and prevents bile from entering the duodenum
surgical (obstructive) jaundice
a common cause of this obstruction is blockage of the common bile duct caused by stones or masses
surgical (obstructive) jaundice
a benign tumor of the liver
Hepatocellular adenoma
occurs most often in women using oral contraceptives
Hepatocellular adenoma
most common tumor of the liver
hemangioma
it is benign and composed of newly formed blood vessels and these neoplasms may form in other places within the body
Hemagioma
hepatocarcinoma
hepatoma
a primary neoplasm of the liver
hepatoma
associated with cirrhosis with poor nutrition and alcoholism
hepatoma
originate in the liver parenchyma with a large central mass
hepatoma
signs and symptoms of hepatoma
jaundice abdominal pain weight loss an RUQ mass ascites rapid increase in liver size
much more common than primary carcinoma because of the liver’s role in filtering blood
Metastatic Liver Disease
A common site for metastasis from other primary sites
Liver
provides the definitive diagnosis of cancer, often under sonographic guidance
Liver biopsy
occurs infrequently but most neoplasms within the gallbladder are malignant
carcinoma of the gallbladder
more common in women and older, with gallstones present in about 75% of all cases
carcinoma of the gallbladder
another risk factor associated with the development of gallbladder carcinoma is a
“porcelain” gallbladder
usually rapidly fatal
carcinoma of the pancreas
incidence greater in men than in women and in blacks than in whites
carcinoma of the pancreas