hepatology

Question 1

Define hepatology

Answer 1

the study of the liver

Question 2

Where is the muscularis externa

Answer 2

its the outer musclar wall of the GI tract

Question 3

name some component of the GI tract

Answer 3

oesophagus, stomach, small intestines,

Question 4

Where in the body would you find the glomerulus

Answer 4

kidney nephron

Question 5

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 5

To break down stuff and detoxify the blood

Question 6

Which duct enters the GI tract at the duodenum?

Answer 6

common bile duct

Question 7

What is the entrance to the small intestine called

Answer 7

duodenum

Question 8

The vagus nerve is responsible for which action

Answer 8

Secretion of gastric acid

Question 9

Crohn’s disease is characterised by

Answer 9

Intermittent patches anywhere along the GI tract

Question 10

What are Oesophageal varices

Answer 10

weakened and dilated veins in the oesaphagus

Question 11

What cause Oesophageal varices

Answer 11

the main cause is alcoholic liver disease

Question 12

Which vitamin is stored in the liver?

Answer 12

vitamin A

Question 13

where is glycogen stored

Answer 13

liver, muscles

Question 14

what is glycogen

Answer 14

the storage form of glucose

Question 15

The absorption of fluid mainly occurs in which part of the GI tract?

Answer 15

Large intestine

Question 16

The absorption of nutrients from the GI tract mainly occurs in:

Answer 16

small intestine

Question 17

The movement of material along the GI tract achieved by:

Answer 17

peristalsis

Question 18

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the GI tract?

Answer 18

The pancreas

Question 19

What is encephalitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the brain

Question 20

what is jaundice

Answer 20

buildup of bilirubin

Question 21

what is melaena

Answer 21

pooping dark red blood

Question 22

what is steatorrhea

Answer 22

white creamy foul-smelling poos caused by

Question 23

Encaphalopathy in liver failure, can arise from the presence of elevated levels of which of the following?

Answer 23

ammonia

Question 24

Encaphalopathy

Answer 24

brain damage, usually from ammonia

Question 25

Which phase has an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and motility?

Answer 25

The intestinal phase

Question 26

Liver function test measures what in the blood? | 4

Answer 26

Hepatic enzymes bilirubin Urea and Creatinine International ratio (INR)

Question 27

What are clinical observation seen in patients with chronic cholecystitis complicated by biliary obstruction? (4)

Answer 27

Jaundice Pruritus Fat maldigestion Steathorrea

Question 28

The functions of the liver include: | 4

Answer 28

The detoxification of the blood The production of plasma proteins such as albumin The production and secretion of bile The breakdown of old red blood cells

Question 29

what causes oesphageal varicies

Answer 29

cirrhosis Portal hypertension

Question 30

what is cirrhosis

Answer 30

scarring of the liver

Question 31

Which condition causes steatorrhea, jaundice, and pruritus?

Answer 31

Biliary obstruction with obstruction to the flow of bile

Question 32

the abnormal buildup of which substance in bodily fluids is responsible for hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer 32

ammonia

Question 33

What is Ascites

Answer 33

fluid accumulation in the abdomen

Question 34

In patients with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholic liver disease portal hypertension is responsible for the development of which clinical complications:

Answer 34

Ascites and gastric varices

Question 35

What is the digestive function of the liver?

Answer 35

The production and secretion of bile into the common bile duct

Question 36

what causes Ascites

Answer 36

damaged livers no longer produce the proteins needed to regulate oncotic/osmotic pressure

Question 37

hematemesis

Answer 37

puking blood

Question 38

name the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 38

D, A, E, K

Question 39

he part of the hepatobiliary system responsible for the storage, concentration and release of bile

Answer 39

gall bladder

Question 40

What is the main cause of peptic ulcers (stomach ulcers)

Answer 40

H. Pylori

Question 41

Which of the following describes the physiological effects of vitamin K:

Answer 41

making klotting factor formation and blood clotting

Question 42

Main function of the gallbladder

Answer 42

stores bile produced by the liver

Question 43

what is different about the circulation of blood to the liver

Answer 43

The liver is connected to two large blood vessels, the hepatic artery, and the portal vein. The hepatic artery carries blood from the aorta to the liver, whereas the portal vein carries blood containing the digested nutrients from the entire gastrointestinal tract, and also from the spleen and pancreas to the liver.