Herbal And Dietary Supplements

Question 1

Echinacea uses (3)

Answer 1

• pro-immune modulation
• anti-inflammatory
• anti microbial

Question 2

Echinacea toxicities (2)

Answer 2

• flu-like symptoms (fever, headache, chills, vomiting) from IV use
• GI or rash from oral

Question 3

Echinacea drug interactions

Answer 3

None, but due to undefined immune stimulation avoid if immunodeficiency, immunosuppressed or autoimmune

Question 4

Garlic uses (4)

Answer 4

• cardiovascular (antioxidant, anti platelet, lower cholesterol, lowers high bp)
• endocrine (components cause hypoglycemia in animals, not really for human diabetes)
• anti microbial (maybe, but real antibiotics are better)
• anti-cancer (reduced cancers with high consumption)

Question 5

Garlic toxicities

Answer 5

-nausea, hypotension, allergy, bleeding (rare)

Question 6

Garlic drug-drug interactions (2)

Answer 6

• risk to interfere with clotting medication (warfarin, aspirin)
• saquinavir (antiviral protease inhibitor)

Question 7

Ginkgo Biloba uses (3)

Answer 7

• cardiovascular (decreased peripheral vascular disease by increasing tissue perfusion)
• anti-oxidant
• CNS (cerebral insufficiency- memory, cognition.
• used for ton of Random other stuff that’s all not correct

Question 8

Ginkgo Biloba Toxicities

Answer 8

• placebo symptoms (nausea, headache, diarrhea, allergy, anxiety)
• bleeding

Question 9

Ginkgo Biloba Drug-Drug interactions (2)

Answer 9

• anti platelet medication (G may be antiplatelet)

- seizure people (may induce seizures)

Question 10

Ginseng uses (3)

Answer 10

Real:

• cold preventative
• glucose-lowering
• general anti cancer

Question 11

Ginseng toxicities

Answer 11

• vaginal bleeding
• CNS stimulation (insomnia)
• hypertension

Question 12

Ginseng drug-drug interactions

Answer 12

• Psychiatric drugs
• estrogenic drugs (due to vaginal bleeding)
• hypoglycemic drugs (due to glucose lowering)
• immunocompromised/autoimmune (due to immune stimulation)
• warfarin (due to antiplatelet activity)

Question 13

Milk thistle (silymarin) uses (3)

Answer 13

• liver disease (viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, liver injury)
• anti cancer
• anti-inflammatory

Question 14

Milk thistle toxicities

Answer 14

None (mild GI rare)

Question 15

Milk thistle drug-drug interactions

Answer 15

None

Question 16

St Johns Wort uses (2)

Answer 16

• depression (maybe other mood disorders)

- antiviral (hypericin extract, not main one)

Question 17

St Johns Wort Toxicities

Answer 17

• photo sensitivity

- mania

Question 18

St Johns Wort drug-drug interactions

Answer 18

• other drugs using amine transmitter inhibition (antidepressants, stimulants)
• induces CYP, so anything that relies on CYP metabolism (digoxin, birth control, cyclosporine, HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, warfarin..)

Question 19

Saw Palmetto uses (1)

Answer 19

-BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Question 20

Saw Palmetto Toxicities

Answer 20

1-3% abdominal pain, nausea diarrhea, fatigue headache, rhinitis, libido

Question 21

Saw Palmetto Drug-drug interactions

Answer 21

None

Question 22

CoQ uses (4)

Answer 22

• hypertension (lower bp)
• heart failure (improve EF)
• ischemic heart disease
• statin-induced myopathy (statins prevent cholesterol, prevent CoQ production, causing myopathy)

Question 23

CoQ toxicities

Answer 23

Rare,GI/rash

Question 24

CoQ drug-drug (1)

Answer 24

Warfarin (CoQ similar to target, vitamin K)

Question 25

Glucosamine uses (1)

Answer 25

-osteoarthritis (glucosamine used to make more GaGs for cartilage, lacking in osteoarthritis)

Question 26

Glucosamine toxicities

Answer 26

Diarrhea, nausea, allergy (crab-derived)

Question 27

Glucosamine drug-drug

Answer 27

-warfarin (increases INR, leading to bleeding)

Question 28

Melatonin uses

Answer 28

- jet lag - insomnia - partially inhibits ovulation

Question 29

Melatonin toxicities

Answer 29

-mild- drowsiness, fatigue, bp fluctuations

Question 30

Melatonin drug-drug interactions

Answer 30

- anti-hypertension medication (since fluctuates bp) - male/female reproduction (if trying to get pregnant) - CYP metabolized drugs - maybe NSAIDs, antidepressants, others