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Herbals Flashcards

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1
Q

Limbrel (flavocoxid)

A

For OA
Contains Chinese skull cap and catechin
Thought to be as effective as naproxen as it inhibits COX 2 and 5LOX pathways and causes down regulation of pro inflammatory NFxBpathways
Do not given in allergy to dark chocolate, green tea, red wine or Brazil nuts, pregnancy or BF, or history of elects

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2
Q

Turmeric (curcumin)

A

Polyphenol
Anti inflammatory by inhibiting cytokine
Anticancer effects
Antidepressants effects
May inhibit beta amyloid production
Used for leg cramps and OA
D-D- many- anticoagulants and anti platelets, avoid in ASA, plavix, ibuprofen, naproxen, dalteparin, lovenox, heparin, warfarin

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3
Q

Cocoa flavanols

A

Anti oxidant
Can improve CV health, better BP control, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, endothelial function and insulin resistance
D-D- adenosine, clozapine, dipyridamole, ergots, estrogens, lithium

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4
Q

Green tea or Chinese tea or Japanese tea

A

Rich in polyphenol flavonoids
Safe for most adults more than 2 cups per day can increase risk of renal stones
May decreases growth of CA, tx mild asthma, anti microbial effects, warts
No interactions but has small vitamin K in it

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5
Q

Probiotics

A

Fermented foods, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchee; yogurt
IBS, IBD, gut health, anti inflammatory

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6
Q

Medium chain triglycerides

A

Saturated fatty acid
Used as brain alternative energy source for cognition improvement
Used for pediatric seizures. Preventing muscle breakdown in critically ill patients, Alzheimer’s

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7
Q

Axona (caprylic acid)

A

For Alzheimer’s
Safe method to induce hyperketonemia, and provide alternative energy source for glucose in the dementia patients

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8
Q

Passion flower

A

Anxiety, insomnia, seizures, hysteria
Thought to work by increasing GABA
Tea, extract or tincture
Contradicted in pregnancy and BF
Sedative effects can occur
D-D- Avoid in anticonvulsants, barbiturates, benzos, TCAs, anti platelets and anticoagulants, MOAI

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9
Q

Cayenne pepper

A

Aka capsicin, capsacum, paprika, red chilli, Tabasco pepper
Topical analgesic, promote swearing and increase saliva, agent to increase surface blood flow when applied to skin, pepper spray defense
Excessive use can cause gastritis, and hemorrhage, avoid contact with MM, hives and skin irritation can occur
Avoid in PUD; diverticulitis, IBS, injured skin

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10
Q

Soursop

A

Used for stomach, fever, sedative; anti cancer agent, antimicrobial
Neurotoxic effects can occur

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11
Q

Colloid silver

A

Metallic element, dilute amounts in liquid
Thought to be safe for eye drops in newborns
No known use for ingestion and can cause serious side effects

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12
Q

Açaí berries

A

Marketing for weight loss and anti aging
Anti oxidant properties, anti cancer

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13
Q

Goji berry

A

Many conditions but no sound scientific evidence
For DM, HTN, poor circulation, fever, malaria, cancer, ED, tinnitus, nosebleeds
D-D- antihypertensives, anti diabetic agents, Coumadin

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14
Q

Kava kava

A

Insomnia, fatigue; asthma, UTI, topical numbing, anxiety, menopausal symptoms
Can increase risk for liver damage, hepatitis, death, dystonia
D-D- anti PD drugs

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15
Q

Valerian

A

Sleep, anxiety, HA; depression, irregular heartbeat, trembling
Safe for short uses can cause mild side effects like morning fatigue, HA, dizziness, GI upset

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16
Q

Cinnamon

A

Used for GI issues, loss of appetite, diabetes
Avoid large doses if on blood thinners, large amounts not good

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17
Q

Chamomile

A

Anxiety. Insomnia, GI issues, flatus, diarrhea, skin condition, oral ulcers form CA
SE- rash, throat swelling, SOB, anaphylaxis

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18
Q

Horse chestnut

A

Venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, may be as effective as wearing compression stockings
SE- do not eat raw or unprocessed, this can be poisonous, safe short term

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19
Q

Stevia

A

Conflicting data may be hypotensive and hypoglycemia agent
No major contraindications or SE

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20
Q

Echinacea

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A

Used for cold, flu, other infections
No sound benefits
No SE when taken orally, some rash, asthma, anaphylaxis notesd, GI issues

21
Q

Ginseng

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A

Overall health and boost immune system
Can increase sense of well being and stamina, ED, hepatitis C, menopausal symptoms. HTN, DM
SE- short term safe. Most common is HA, GI distress, hypoglycemia can occur if taking other diabetic agents

22
Q

Ginkgo biloba

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A

Asthma, bronchitis, fatigue, tinnitus, Alzheimer’s, intermittent claudication, MS, sexual dysfunctions, tinnitus
SE- HA, GI issues, diarrhea, dizziness; skin rash, increased risk of bleeding avoid if in anticoagulants
Avoid raw or unprocessed as can lead to neurotoxicity

23
Q

St. John’s wort

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A

Depression, anxiety, insomnia
Many D-D- antidepressants, birth control, cyclosporine, digoxin, indinavir, irinotecan, pheytoin, phenobarbital, warfarin, other anticoagulants, serotonin syndrome
SE- photosensitive, anxiety, dry mouth, dizziness, GI issues, fatigue, HA, sexual dysfunction

24
Q

Ginger

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A

Ulcers, nausea, diarrhea; motion sickness, RA, OA, muscle pain, anti inflammatory
Safe in pregnancy
SE- few, gas, bloating, heartburn, nausea

25
Soy flavonoids
Similar to estrogen, used for menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, memory problems, HTN, high cholesterol, breast and prostate CA, SE- safe for most short term, nausea, bloating, constipation, allergic reactions
26
Flaxseed
Laxative, hot flashes, arthritis, high cholesterol, CA prevention SE- few, take lots of water can worsen constipation
27
Licorice
Stomach ulcers, bronchitis, pharyngitis, viral infection, hepatitis SE- in large amounts can cause high BP, sodium and water retention, hypokalemia, taking with diuretics and steroids can drop K very low, avoid in HTN, CV diseaaae Avoid in pregnancy can cause pre term labor
28
Black cohosh
Arthritis, muscle pain, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, menopausal symptoms, induce labor SE- do not use in liver disease, stomach discomfort, HA, rash Not clearing if safe in breast CA or pregnancy
29
Milk thistle
Liver protective effects. Cirrhosis, hepatitis, gall bladder, lower cholesterol, insulin resistance, cervical and prostate CA SE- well tolerated can cause GI issues for allergies, avoid in DM on anti glycemic agents can lower BG
30
Saw palmetto
Used for urinary symptoms, enlarged prostate, chronic pelvic pain, bladder disorder, decreased sex drive, alopecia, hormone imbalance, prostate CA SE- well tolerated, can show slight decline in PSA but must be monitored, minor stomach discomfort
31
Evening primrose oil
Eczema, inflammatory conditions like RA, mastodynia associated with menses, menopausal symptoms, PMS, CA, DM SE- well tolerated short term. GI upset, HA, long term safety not established May increase risk for bleeding on warfarin
32
Myocalm
Specialized forms of calcium and magnesium that may play a role in muscle contraction and relaxation Use in caution in pregnancy or BF May cause drowsiness
33
Feverfew
Fevers, HA, stomach aches, toothaches, insect bite, infertility, menstrual issues, labor, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting SE- none major, can cause canker sores, swelling of lips or face, loss of taste, nausea, bloating, if abrupt stop can cause HA, joint pain, nervousness, stiff muscles Avoid in pregnancy
34
Aloe Vera
Medical use well established Stomach upset, ulcers, menstrual problem, tx of calluses and corns, varicose veins, infection, skin CA, arthritis SE- none significant, allergic reaction, can cause low BG, do not use as laxative in crohns, UC, spruce or IBS
35
Garlic
High cholesterol, heart disease, HTN, GI CA Short term can slightly decrease cholesterol or slow AS development SE- mostly safe, bad breath, body odor, heart burn, upset stomach, allergies Can thin blood similar to ASA
36
Rhodiola
Anxiety, fatigue, anemia, impotence, infection, HA, depression, increased endurance SE- dizziness, dry mouth, HA
37
Melatonin
Natural hormone sleep aid SE- safe when short term, uncommon, drowsiness, HA, dizziness, nausea
38
Methyl sulfonyl methane
OA, hemorrhoids, rosacea Safe for 90 days or less No major D-D SE- nausea, diarrhea, bloating, fatigue, HA. Insomnia, itching, worsening of allergy symptoms Avoid in pregnancy and BF
39
Red yeast rice
Thought to Lowe cholesterol Similar SE as statins Avoid in pregnancy. D-D- other statin, nefazodone, antifungals, HIV drugs
40
S-adenosyl L methionine
Depression, OA, liver disease Long term safety not established or pregnancy D-D- may decrease levodopa, increase serotonin, SSRI, St. John’s wort, promotes growth of pneuomocystis avoid in immunodeficiency SE- uncommon, nausea
41
Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin
OA No sound proof not recommended
42
Enzyme co Q 10
Antioxidant effects Some CV benefit, can improve CHF, HTN, improve reproductive quality like sperm count SE- insomnia, elevated LFTs, rashes. Nausea, upper abdomen pain, dizziness, photosensitivity, irritability, HA, heartburn, fatigue Avoid in pregnancy or BF D-DA statins may lower blood levels, warfarin
43
Weight loss
Harmful SE Not able to keep weight off long term Ephedra banned due to CV SE
44
Bitter orange
Heartburn, loss of appetite, nasal congestion, weight loss, ring worm, athletes foot SE- increase HR/BP, fainting, MI, stroke Avoid in CV disease, HTN, MOAI, excess caffeine Avoid in pregnancy or BF
45
Yerba mate
Relieve mental and physical fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome, CHF, palpitations, hypotension Safe for most, for short periods Does contain caffeine which can cause insomnia, nervousness, stomach upset, n/v, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, HA, tinnitus, palpitations Likely unsafe when taken large amounts or long periods, increases risk of CA Do not use in pregnancy or BF
46
Amino 5 hydroxytryptophan
Sleep, moods, appetite, pain sensation Do not give in children SE- mild, nausea, heartburn, gas, feelings of fullness, serotonin syndrome Avoid if in antidepressants, liver disease, pregnancy or BF D-D- TCAs, SSRIs, MOAIs, carbidopa, Tramadol, Demerol, triptans
47
Raspberry ketones
Weight loss and obesity Not reliable SE- not enough evidence, stimulant type reaction like jitteriness, HTN, tachycardia, palpitations Avoid in pregnancy or BF
48
Garcina cambogia
Weight loss, exercise performance, joint pain, diarrhea, parasites. Insufficient date Safe for 12 weeks? Nausea, GI distress, HA Avoid in pregnancy or BF

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