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Herb Terms > Herbology 1 > Flashcards

Herbology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

stalk/stem/vine

A

Caulis; Teng

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2
Q

leaf

A

Folium; Ye

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3
Q

flower

A

Flos; hua

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4
Q

Entire above ground part of plant

A

Herba; Cao

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5
Q

bone

A

Os; Gu

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6
Q

underground part of plant

A

Rhizoma; Ben or Gen

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7
Q

bark/peel/skin

A

Cortex; Pi

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8
Q

peel/husk/skin

A

Pericarpium; Pi

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9
Q

wood

A

Lignum; Mu

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10
Q

small branch/twig

A

Ramulus; Zhi

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11
Q

root/roots

A

Radix/Radices; Ben or Gen

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12
Q

fruit/seed/nut

A

Fructus/Semen; Zi or Ren

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13
Q

pin yin for Promote diaphoresis

A

han

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14
Q

pin yin for clear heat

A

qing

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15
Q

pin yin for purging

A

xia

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16
Q

pin yin for harmonizing

A

he

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17
Q

pin yin for warming

A

wen

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18
Q

pin yin for tonifying

A

bu

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19
Q

pin yin for sedating

A

xiao

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20
Q

pin yin for induce vomiting

A

tu

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21
Q

mutual accentuation

A

xiang xu; help each other, catalyst, same action

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22
Q

mutual enhancement

A

xiang shi; employ each other, have different functions with same end goal

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23
Q

mutual counteraction

A

xiang wei; side effects of one herb are reduced or eliminated by another. first herb fears a detoxifer

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24
Q

mutual suppression

A

xiang sha; detoxifier, kills toxicity. similar to mutual counteraction, this is the herb that is the reducer of the side effects.

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25
Q

mutual antagonism

A

xiang wu; aversion, no effect, mutually neutralize each other’s effects. 8 pairs in common use.

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26
Q

mutual incompatibility

A

xiang fan; oppose toxic effect. 2 toxic substances put together will no longer be toxic.

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27
Q

single effect

A

dan xing; use of a single substance

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28
Q

king/chief

A

Jun; main function of formula, largest proportion

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29
Q

deputies/minister

A

chen; support monarch, address secondary imbalances/complaints

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30
Q

assistants

A

zuo; reinforce monarch and deputy or treat lesser coexisting patterns - helpful assistant; reduce toxicity of monarch or deputy - corrective assistant; paradoxical assistance - opposing assistant

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31
Q

guide/envoy

A

shi; focus actions on particular organ, channel, or region to target the formula or harmonize and integrate the formula

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32
Q

essential properties of an herb

A

temperature, taste, channels entered, function, indications, contraindications, dosage

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33
Q

essential properties of a category

A

names, general properties, pathomechanisms, patterns treated, etiology of patterns treated, indications and contraindications

34
Q

spicy/acrid

A

yang, move and circulate stagnation, disperse up and out, LU/LI

35
Q

sweet

A

yang, tonify, harmonize, relax, strengthen, SP/ST

36
Q

salty

A

yin, purge downward, soften hardness, KD/UB

37
Q

bitter

A

yin, drain downward, dry, HT/SI

38
Q

sour

A

yin, astringe, absorb, contain, LV/GB

39
Q

bland

A

yang, promote urination, leech out dampness, no organ system

40
Q

pin yin for herbal combinations

A

dui yao

41
Q

pin yin for herbal preparations

A

pao zhi

42
Q

pin yin for honey

A

ui

43
Q

pin yin for cooked preparations

A

zhi

44
Q

calcining

A

duan fa. assists pulverization of shells and minerals and increases astringent action

45
Q

pin yin for herbal prep without heat

A

sheng

46
Q

pin yin for decoction

A

tang

47
Q

pin yin for draft - raw powder cooked in water

A

san

48
Q

pin yin for pills

A

wan

49
Q

pin yin for cinnabar coated pill

A

dan

50
Q

pin yin for powder/granules that have been cooked

A

san

51
Q

pin yin for syrup

A

gao

52
Q

pin yin for herbal plaster

A

gao

53
Q

pin yin for medicinal wine

A

jiu

54
Q

herb processing

A

pao zhi. general term for defining a group of methods of preparing the ingredients of the chinese materia medica

55
Q

main methods of herb prep

A

simple, water prep, fire prep, combined water and fire

56
Q

simple prep

A

sheng. no heat used. Washing, pulverization, cutting, defatting

57
Q

pin yin for cooked prep

A

shu.

58
Q

water prep

A

shui zhi. rinse and wash, moistening, soaking, aqueous titration

59
Q

fire prep

A

huo zhi. stir-frying solo (chao fa), stir-fry with added components (bran, rice, honey, vinegar, wine, salt water, ginger juice)

60
Q

combined water and fire prep

A

steaming, boiling, scalding, dip-calcining, distilling, fermenting, germination

61
Q

methods of delivery

A

decoctions, drafts, pills, powders, syrups, plasters, wines

62
Q

decoctions

A

tang. most common method in china. quick absorption, acute or evolving symptoms, can tailor, time consuming, bad smell and taste, expensive

63
Q

drafts

A

zhu san. powders decocted for a short period of time. herbs prepped as powdered formula cooked after mixing. taken in smaller doses, less mess and smell.

64
Q

Pills

A

Wan. convenient, affordable, less tailored, absorb slowly, milder than powder or decoctions

65
Q

prepared medicine vs. loose herb formula

A

zhong cheng yao vs. yin pian

66
Q

powders/granules

A

san. cooked before powdered - opposite of drafts zhu san. can be tailored, less $, more convenient to store. mid-range efficacy, between decoctions tang and pills wan.

67
Q

syrups

A

gao. reduced further than a decoction tang and combined with honey. common for sore throats, coughs.

68
Q

plasters

A

gao. external application in trauma, burns, and dermatological syndromes. can be a paste or applied to cloth. usually combined with sesame oil or beeswax.

69
Q

medicinal wines

A

jiu. steeping medicinals in wine. move qi and blood, unblock vessels. used in trauma, arthritis, as tonics. highly concentrated tinctures and extracts.

70
Q

2 types of herb-drug interactions

A

pharmacokinetic: can change absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination.
pharmacodynamic: can alter the way in which a drug or herb effects a tissue or organ system. more difficult to predict. can be synergistic or antagonistic.

71
Q

highest risk for cross-reaction:

A

diuretics, cardiovascular drugs, anti-coagulants, anti-diabetics, sympathetic drugs.

72
Q

notable herb food interactions:

A

green veggies: high Vit K can clot blood so be careful on blood thinners.

Grapefruit juice: contains enzyme which increases drug absorption and serum estradiol.

minerals and antacids: inhibit absorption

73
Q

endangered substances

A

bear gall bladder, pangolin scales, tiger bone, macaque stone (bezoar hairball), turtle shell, rhino horn.

74
Q

obsolete substances

A

endangered and unsafe things. cinnabar (mercury), calomel, realgar, borax, opium poppy husk, nux vomica. ch. 19 in bensky

75
Q

unavailable substances

A

plants: aloe, dendrobium, some ginsengs
animals: seahorse, musk, tortoise shell

bensky appendix 4 p. 1145 for adulterant pictures and text

76
Q

special decoction: decoct first

A

toxic, minerals, shells

77
Q

special decoction: add near end

A

aromatic, some herbs have different function emphasis based on time

78
Q

special decoction: decoct wrap separate

A

seeds, powders, hairs

79
Q

special decoction: decoct separate

A

double boil, ginseng

80
Q

special decoction: dissolve in strained decoction

A

melt sticky

81
Q

special decoction: take with strained decoction

A

expensive herbs, chaser

Herb Terms (1 decks)

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