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Herbology 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Latin name for Ma Huang （麻黃）？

A

Ephedra Herba

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2
Q

What is the Chinese name for Ephedra Herba?

A

Ma huang

麻黃

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3
Q

Chinese Medicine has its historical roots in which three traditions?

A

Demonology
Magic Correspondence
Systematic Correspondence

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4
Q

Demonology

A

Disease caused by evil spirits

Treatment lies in influencing spirit world through incantations, spell, preparation of charms, dances, etc.

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5
Q

Magic Correspondence

A

Disease Caused by magical relationships among phenomena
Treatment lies in using these magical relationships to one’s own advantage
Example: Using a venomous animal’s enemy to counter its poison

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6
Q

Systematic Correspondence

A

Disease caused by unhealthy relationships with nature
Treatment lies in establishing balance with nature
Yin/Yang and Five Phases

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7
Q

Earliest findings of medicinal activities

Bones and Tortoise Shells for reading oracles

A

Shang Dynasty 商

1766-1122 BC

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8
Q

Bones

A

Connection to Heaven

Writings on bones and shells

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9
Q

Shang Dynasty 商

A

Wu – Shaman 巫

Gui – Ghost or Ancestor 鬼

Ancestoral worship common among all, but only the King could interpret the oracles

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10
Q

Confucius

孔子

A

551-479 BCE
Chinese teacher, editor, politician, philsopher of the Spring & Autumn period of Chinese history
Emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity

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11
Q

Lao Zi

老子

A 
Philosopher of ancient China
Dao De Jing 道德經
Taoism
One of the Three Pure Ones
Tai Shang Lao Jun 太上老君
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12
Q

Huang Di

黃帝

A 
Yellow Emperor
2689 BC
Nei Jing 內經
Inventions and advances:  manufacturing of utensils, building of boats, pestle and mortar, creation of calendar, development of currency
Mythical Father of Chinese Medicine
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13
Q

Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classics

黃帝內經

A

Oldest treatise of internal medicine

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14
Q

2 Parts of Huang Di Nei Jing

黃帝內經

A 
Su Wen (Simple Questions） 素問
Ling Shu (Miraculous Pivot）靈樞
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15
Q

8 Principles

A

Yin and Yang
Deficiency and Excess
Internal and External
Cold and Hot

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16
Q

Five Phases

A

Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth

金木水火土

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17
Q

Classic Texts

A

Ben Cao – Materia Medica 本草

Wu Shi Er Bing Fang – Prescriptions for 52 Ailments 五十二病方

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18
Q

Prescriptions for 52 Ailments

五十二病方

A

Pharmacy Text unearthed at Ma Wang Dui in 1973
Text itself dates from before 2nd century BCE
Clearly reflects the influence of demonology and magic correspondence on early Chinese Medicine

247 Substances: 2/3 plants; 1/3 animal or mineral

Earliest Chinese record devoted to diseases treated with substances

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19
Q

Shen Nong

神農

A

2720 BCE
Chinese emperor, physician, reformer who experimented with plants to discover their medicinal values
Was intoxicated over 70 times a day, due to his experimental use of the medicinal substances

Accredited with agricultural advances

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20
Q

Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing

神農本草經

A

Divine Husbandman’s Classic of the Materia Medicia

365 Chinese medicinals
252 - plant origin
67 - from animals
46 - from minerals

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21
Q

Division of herbs in Sheng Nong Ben Cao Jing

神農本草經

A

Three Categories:
Superior Category
Intermediate Category
Inferior Category

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22
Q

Superior Category

A

Cultivating Life
Boost Up
120 Medicines which were considered to be non-toxic and contain invigorating effects to preserve vitality or prolong life

Example: Ginseng (Panax Ginseng)

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23
Q

Intermediate Category

A

Nourishes constitutional types
120 average medicines.
Used to prevent illness and restore the individual’s vitality
Sometimes can be toxic and should be used carefully for certain ailments

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24
Q

Inferior Category

A

Expels Diseases
125 inferior medicines that were considered to be toxic with side effects and were specifically used for therapeutic purposes to treat diseases

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25
Zhang Zhong Jing 張仲景
``` Father/Sage of Herbal Medicine Han Dynasty 150-219 AD Zhang Ji Shang Han Za Bing Lun (Discourse on Fevers and Miscellaneous Illnesses) Dealt with treatment of many febrile conditions Wind-Cold Issues ```
26
Shang Han Za Bing Lun 傷寒雜病論
Six parts corresponding to six pairs of meridians: Tai Yang, Shao Yang, Yang Ming Tai Yin, Shao Yin, Jue Yin Discusses diagnosis and treatment methods based on an assessment of the symptoms of different pathological conditions In Song Dynasty: Split into two books: Shang Han Lun and Jin Gui Yao Lue 傷寒論 和金貴要略
27
Shang Han Lun 傷寒論
Treatise on Febrile Diseases or Treatise on Cold Induced Disorders Later Han Dynasty 200 AD Damage from Cold: Cold from outside into body or absence of yang Yin-Yang disharmony at various stages About movement of life force throughout the body and how it is connected to the cosmos
28
Jin Gui Yao Lue 金貴要略
Essential Treasures from the Golden Cabinet Miscellaneous diseases Lots of Gyn formulas
29
Six Channel Theory
Tai Yang Tai Yin Shao Yang Shao Yin Yang Ming Jue Yin 太陽， 少陽， 陽明， 太陰， 少陰， 厥陰
30
Shao Yang -- Why use warming and cooling herbs
Pivot around, can go either way, alternating chills and fevers; Chills of tai yang and fever of yang ming
31
Four Bigs
Big Fever Big Thirst Big Sweat Big Pulse
32
Four Great Classics for Herbal Medicine
Nei Jing 內經 Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing 神農本草經 Shang Han Lun 傷寒論 Jin Gui Yao Lue 金貴要略
33
Sun Si Miao 孫思邈
581-682 Child Prodigy Mastered Chinese Classics by age 20 Well-Known Medical Practioner of Tang Dynasty Human life is worth a thousand gold bars, with a virtue of one prescription, you can fix it Compiled Qian Jin Yao Fang 千金要方 (Prescriptions worth a thousand gold for emergencies or precious prescriptions for emergencies) 30 Volumes and 5,300 Prescriptions Qian Jin Yi Fang 千金異方 (A Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a thousand Gold or supplement to Precious Prescriptions) 30 Volumes and 2,571 prescriptions
34
Tang Ben Cao 唐本草
``` First Official Chinese Pharmacopeia Compiled 7th Century CD 850 Medicinals First illustrated materia medica Tang Materia Medica ```
35
Ben Cao Gang Mu 本草綱目
Compendium of the Materia Medica (1590) 1892 Substances Li Shi Zhen of Ming Dynasty 李時珍
36
Li Shi Zhen 李時珍
Chinese Physician to the Imperial Medical Academy Father of Modern Chinese Herbal Medicine Completed Ben Cao Gang Mu in 1578 本草綱目 more than 2000 drugs and directions for more than 8,000 prescriptions
37
Wen Bing Xue 溫病學
Warm Disease School of Disease Heat Pathogen as primary cause of disease Ming/Qing Dynasty Authors
38
Four Levels of Disease
Wei 衛 Qi 氣 Ying 營 Xue 血
39
Wei 衛
Exterior Heat Diseases
40
Qi 氣
Interior Heat Excess
41
Ying 營
Deeper Heat Diseases | Nutritive Level
42
Xue 血
Blood Level (deepest level)
43
18 Categories
``` Release Exterior Clear Heat Downward Draining Drain Dampness Expel Wind-Dampness Transform Phelgm & Stop Cough Aromatic Transform Dampness Relieve Food Stagnation Regulate the Qi Regulate the Blood Warm Interior and Expel Cold Tonics Stabilize and Bind Calm the Spirit Aromatic Open Orifices Extinguish Wind and Stop Tremors Expel Parasites Substances for External Application (ie trauma) ```
44
What is the Latin name for Dang Gui?
Angelica Sinensis Radix
45
What is the Chinese name for Angelica Sinensis Radix?
Dang Gui
46
Sometimes what it is tells you what it does
Part of Plant: Like treats like Example: Twig of plant treats small branches of body ``` Type of substance Example: Lightweight float upward Flowers treat upper body Leaves float outward Heavy Sinks downward Shells, Minerals Drawn Down ```
47
Bulbus
Bei 杯 Bulb, Shell
48
Cacumen
Leafy twig
49
Calculus
Shi 石 Stone
50
Calyx
Di 底 Fruit Base, outer perianth
51
Carapax
Jia 甲 Dorsal Shell, Armor
52
Caulis
Teng 藤 Stalk, Stem, Vine
53
Concha
Ke 殼 Shell, Case
54
Concretio
Concreted mass from an inorganic solution
55
Cornu
Jiao 角 Horn, Antler
56
Cortex
Pi 皮 Bark, Peel, Skin
57
Excrementum
Sha 沙 Excrement, Sand
58
Flos
Hua 花 Flower
59
Folium
Ye 葉 Leaf
60
Fructus/Semen
Zi or Ren 子 仁 Fruit, seed, nut, pit
61
Germinatus
Ya 牙 Sprout
62
Herba
Cao 草 Plant, Herb, Grass (entire above ground)
63
Lignum
Mu 木 Wood
64
Medulla
Pith
65
Nodus
Jie 結 Joint, Node, Knot
66
Os
Gu 骨 Bone
67
Percardium
Pi 皮 Peel, Husk, Skin
68
Periostracum
Tui or Yi 退役 Moulting, Old clothes
69
Plastrum
Ban 板 Shell, breastplate
70
Plumula
Feather, bud of a seed plant
71
Radix
Ben or Gen 本根 Root Downward growing roots
72
Radices
Ben or Gen 本根 Roots
73
Ramulus
Zhi 枝 Small branch, Twig
74
Ramus
Geng 莄 Stem, stalk, branch
75
Rhizoma
Ben or Gen 本根 Mass of roots, underground part of plant Horizontal Roots
76
Sclerolium
Ling 靈 Fungus
77
Taste
Perception of Herb in the Mouth
78
Temperature
Sensation of the herb in the stomach or on the skin
79
Five Tastes
``` Xin 辛 Gan 甘 Ku 苦 Suan 酸 Xian 咸 ``` Dan (No Taste) 淡
80
List the order of the Chinese Dynasties
``` Xia - 夏 Shang - 商 Zhou - 周 Qin - 秦 Han - 漢 Three Kingdoms - 三國 Jin - 金 Southern Northern Dynasties - 南北 Sui - 隨 Tang - 唐 Five Dynasties - 五 Liao - 遼 Song - 宋 Yuan - 元 Ming - 明 Qing - 清 ```
81
Zheng Lei Ben Cao 證類本草
The Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern First major materia medica of the Song Dynasty 1,558 substances
82
Jiangsu College of New Medicine's Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Substances 中藥大詞典
1977 published 25 years to write 5,767 entries
83
Chinese Materia Medica 中華本草
Published 2002 9,000 entries
84
Materia Medica of Medicinal Properties 藥性本草
Late Sui, early Tang Embraces the subjects of combination, reaction, taste, temperature, toxicity, function, primary clinical application, processing and preparation.
85
Dynasty where the attempt to forge a concrete link between empirical knowledge of the herbs and classical theory began
Song 宋 dynasty Fully developed during the Jin 晉 and Yuan 元 dynasties
86
What two theorectical principles arise from Huang Di Nei Jing 黃帝內經?
Yin-Yang Theory 陰陽 Five Phases Theory 五行
87
How many herbal prescriptions are in Huang Di Nei Jing 黃帝內經?
12 herbal prescriptions 28 substances
88
Shen Nong 神農 is said to have tasted how many herbs?
100
89
Shen Nong 神農 is said to have been intoxicated 70 times a day. What does this mean?
Experimental use of medicinal substances to discover their medicinal values
90
How many herbal entries were in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing 神農本草經?
Total of 365 252 plants 67 animals 46 minerals
91
Classics appearing during Han Dynasty
五十二病方 神農本草經 傷寒雜病論
92
Classics appearing during Tang Dynasty
千金要方 Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold for Emergencies or Precious Prescriptions for Emergencies 千金翼方 A Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold or Supplement to Precious Prescriptions 唐本草 Tang Materia Medica
93
Classics appearing during Ming Dynasty
本草綱目 | Materia Medica or Great Pharmacopeia
94
Primary Theorectical Principle of Shang Han Za Bing Lun
Damage from Cold
95
Time Period of Wen Bing Xue 溫病學
明，清朝
96
Primary Disease Factor of Shang han za bing lun
Cold or absence of yang
97
Primary disease factor of Wen Bing Xue
Heat
98
Why is the primary disease factor in Wen Bing Xue so different from that which is seen in the Han Dynasty when Zhang Zhong Jing wrote the Shang Han Za Bing Lun?
Different climates Different geographic locations Disease transformations
99
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Herbology (7 decks)

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