heredity Flashcards
(16 cards)
Heredity
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Dominant Trait
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have differnt traits are bred
Recessive Trait
a trait that reappears in the second generation after dissappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Genes
one set of instructions for an inherited traits
Alleles
one of the alternative-forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as a hair color
Phenotype
an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic
Genotype
the entire genetic make up of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
Probability
the likely hood that a possible future event will occur in any instance of the event
Homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
Meiosis
a process in cell division during witch the number of chromosomes decreased to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus.
Sex chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual.
Pedigree
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
DNA
a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live
Nucleotide
in a nucleic acid chain, a subint that consists of sugar a, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells that plays a role in protein production
Mutations
a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
