Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SURGERY > HERNIA > Flashcards

HERNIA Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Presumed causes of groin herniation

A 
coughing
COPD
obesity
straining 
pregnancy
birthweight <1500 g
family history of hernia
Valsalva's maneuver
ascites
upright position
congenital CT disorders
defective collagen synthesis
previous RLQ incision
arterial aneurysm
cigarette smoking
heavy lifting
physical exertion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reducible

A

Ability to return the displaced organ or

tissue/hernia contents to their usual anatomic site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Incarcerated

A

Swollen or fixed within the hernia sac (incarcerated = imprisoned)

may cause intestinal obstruction (i.e., an irreducible hernia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Strangulated

A

Incarcerated hernia with resulting ischemia –> signs and symptoms of ischemia and intestinal
obstruction or bowel necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complete

A

Hernia sac and its contents protrude all

the way through the defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Incomplete

A

Defect present without sac or contents protruding completely through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sliding Hernia

A

Hernia sac partially formed by the wall of a viscus (i.e., bladder/cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Littre’s hernia

A

Hernia involving a MECKEL’s DIVERTICULUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spigelian hernia

A

Hernia through the LINEA SEMILUNARIS (or spigelian fascia)

Also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Internal hernia

A

Hernia into or involving INTRA-ABDOMINAL structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Petersen’s hernia

A

Seen after BARIATRIC GASTRIC BYPASS— internal herniation of small bowel through the mesenteric defect from the Roux limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Obturator hernia

A

Hernia through OBTURATOR CANAL (females > males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lumbar hernia

A

Petit’s hernia or Grynfeltt’s hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Petit’s hernia

A

Rare

Hernia through Petit’s triangle (a.k.a. INFERIOR lumbar triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Grynfeltt’s hernia

A

Hernia through Grynfeltt-Lesshaft triangle (SUPERIOR lumbar triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pantaloon hernia

A

Hernia sac exists as BOTH DIRECT AND INDIRECT HERNIA straddling the inferior
epigastric vessels and protruding through
the floor of the canal as well as the internal ring (two sacs separated by the inferior epigastric vessels [the pant crotch] like a pair of pantaloon pants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Incisional hernia

A

Hernia through an incisional site

MC cause - wound infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ventral hernia

A

Incisional hernia in the VENTRAL ABDOMINAL WALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parastomal hernia

A

Hernia adjacent to an ostomy (e.g., colostomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sciatal hernia

A

Hernia through the sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Richter’s hernia

A

Incarcerated or strangulated hernia
involving only ONE SIDEWALL OF THE BOWEL which can spontaneously reduce
–> gangrenous bowel and perforation within the abdomen without signs of obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Epigastric hernia

A

Hernia through the LINEA ALBA ABOVE the UMBILICUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intraparietal hernia

A

Hernia through the umbilical ring, in adults associated with ascites, pregnancy, and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Hernia MEDIAL TO FEMORAL VESSELS (under inguinal ligament)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hesselbach's hernia
Hernia UNDER INGUINAL LIGAMENT LATERAL to femoral vessels
26
Bochdalek's hernia
Hernia through the posterior DIAPHRAGM | usually on the LEFT
27
Morgagni's hernia
ANTERIOR PARASTERNAL DIAPHRAGMATIC | hernia
28
Properitoneal hernia
Intraparietal hernia between the peritoneum and transversalis fascia
29
Cooper's hernia
Hernia through the FEMORAL CANAL | and tracking into the scrotum or labia majus
30
Indirect hernia
Inguinal hernia LATERAL l to Hesselbach’s triangle
31
Direct hernia
Inguinal hernia WITHIN Hesselbach’s triangle
32
Hiatal hernia
Hernia through ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS
33
Amyand's hernia
Hernia sac containing a RUPTURED APPENDIX
34
Boundaries of Hesselbach Triangle
Inferior epigastric vessels Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s) Lateral border of the rectus sheath Floor consists of internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle
35
Ilioinguinal nerve
Nerve that runs with the | spermatic cord in the inguinal canal
36
Bassini
SUTURES approximate reflection of INGUINAL ligament (Poupart’s) to the transversus abdominis aponeurosis/ conjoint tendon
37
McVay
COOPER’s ligament sutured to transversus | abdominis aponeurosis/conjoint tendon
38
Lichtenstein
“Tension-free repair” using mesh
39
Shouldice
Imbrication of the floor of the inguinal canal (a.k.a. “Canadian repair”)
40
Plug and Patch
Placing a plug of mesh in hernia defect and then overlaying a patch of mesh over inguinal floor (requires few if any sutures in mesh!)
41
TAPP procedure
TransAbdominal PrePeritoneal inguinal | hernia repair
42
TEPA procedure
Totally ExtraPeritoneal Approach
43
Superficial epigastric vein
name of the subcutaneous vein that is ligated
44
ilioinguinal nerve is cut
Numbness of inner thigh or lateral scrotum; usually goes away in 6 months
45
Cremaster muscle is derived from
Internal Oblique Muscle
46
abdominal muscle layer from which inguinal ligament (a.k.a. Poupart’s ligament) is derived
External oblique muscle aponeurosis
47
Attachment of inguinal (Poupart's) ligament
ASIS to the pubic tuburcle
48
Nerve that travels on the spermatic cord
Ilioinguinal nerve
49
Spermatic Cord Contents
3 fasciae - external, cremasteric, internal spermatic fascia 3 arteries - testicular, cremasteric, artery of vas deferens 3 veins - pampiniform plexus or tesiticular veins, cremasteric vein, deferential vein
50
Attaches the testicle to | the scrotum
Gubernaculum
51
MC organ in an inguinal hernia sac in men
small intestine
52
MC organ in an inguinal hernia sac in women
ovary/fallopian tube
53
Lies in the inguinal | canal in the female instead of the VAS
round ligament
54
Preperitoneal fat on the cord structures (pushed in by the hernia sac); not a real lipoma; remove surgically, if feasible
cord lipoma
55
nerve is found on top of the spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
56
nerve travels within the spermatic cord
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
57
Aponeurotic attachments of the “conjoining” of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis to the pubic tubercle
Conjoint tendon
58
Femoral hernia
Hernia traveling beneath the inguinal ligament down the femoral canal medial to the femoral vessels
59
Repair of a femoral hernia
McVay (Cooper’s ligament repair), mesh plug repair
60
How can an incarcerated hernia be reduced in the ER
1. Apply ice to incarcerated hernia 2. Sedate 3. Use the Trendelenburg position for inguinal hernias 4. Apply steady gentle manual pressure 5. Admit and observe for signs of necrotic bowel after reduction 6. Perform surgical herniorrhaphy ASAP
61
Howship-Romberg sign
Pain along the MEDIAL aspect of the PROXIMAL THIGH from nerve compression caused by an OBTURATOR HERNIA
62
Silk glove sign
Inguinal hernia sac in an infant/toddler feels like a finger of a silk glove when rolled under the examining finger
63
Sliding Esophageal Hiatal Hernia (Type I)
Both the stomach and GE junction herniate into the thorax via the esophageal hiatus
64
Diagnosis of Hiatal Hernia
UGI series, manometry, | esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy for esophagitis
65
Complications of Hiatal Hernia
Reflux --> esophagitis --> Barrett’s esophagus S cancer and stricture formation aspiration pneumonia can also result in UGI bleeding from esophageal ulcerations
66
Treatment of Hiatal Hernia
85% of cases treated medically with antacids, H2 blockers/PPIs, head elevation after meals, small meals, and no food prior to sleeping 15% of cases require surgery for persistent symptoms despite adequate medical treatment
67
Surgical Treatment of Hiatal Hernia
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LAP NISSEN) involves wrapping the fundus around the LES and suturing it in place
68
Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia (Type II)
Herniation of all or part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thorax without displacement of the GEJ
69
Symptoms of Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia (Type II)
dysphagia, stasis gastric ulcer, and strangulation many cases are asymptomatic and not associated with reflux because of a relatively normal position of the GE junction
70
Complications of Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia (Type II)
Hemorrhage, incarceration, obstruction, and strangulation
71
Type III Hiatal hernia
Combined type I and type II
72
Type IV Hiatal hernia
Organ (e.g., colon or spleen) +/- stomach in the chest cavity

SURGERY (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions