Hernias

Question 1

Maydl’s hernia

Answer 1

two adjacent loops of small intestine are within a hernial sac with a tight neck. The intervening portion of bowel within the abdomen is deprived of its blood supply and eventually becomes necrotic

Question 2

Sliding hernia

Answer 2

Hernia sac partially formed by the wall of a viscus i.e., bladder/Secum

Question 3

Littre’s hernia

Answer 3

Hernia involving a Meckel’s diverticulum think alphabetically: “Littre’s Meckels = LM

Question 4

Spigelian hernia

Answer 4

Hernia through the Linea semilunaris or spigelian fascia;also known as a spontaneous lateral ventral hernia. Think spaghetti and – semilunaris.

Question 5

Internal hernia

Answer 5

Hernia into or involving intrabdominal structure

Question 6

Obturator hernia

Answer 6

Hernia throughout obturator canal. F>M

Question 7

Lumbar hernia

Answer 7

Petit’s hernia or Grynfelt’s hernia

Question 8

Petit’s hernia

Answer 8

Lumbar hernia. (Rare) hernia through Petit’s triangle - inferior lumbar triangle, petit = small = inferior

Question 9

Grynfeltt’s hernia

Answer 9

Lumbar hernia. Hernia through Grynfelt-Lesshaft triangle (superior lumbar triangle)

Question 10

Pantaloon hernia

Answer 10

Hernia sac exists as both a direct and indirect hernia straddling the inferior epigastric vessels and protruding through the canal as well as internal ring. Two sets separated by the inferior epigastric vessels.

Question 11

Incisional hernia

Answer 11

Hernia through an incisional site; most common causes a wound infection.

Question 12

Ventral hernia

Answer 12

Incisional hernia in the ventral abdominal wall

Question 13

Parastomal hernia

Answer 13

Hernia adjacent to an ostomy

Question 14

Sciatic hernia

Answer 14

Hernia through the sciatic foramen

Question 15

Richter’s hernia

Answer 15

Incarcerated or strangulated hernia involving only one side of the ball, which can spontaneously reduced, resulting in gangrenous bowel perforation in the abdomen without signs of obstruction

Question 16

Epigastric hernia

Answer 16

Hernia to the linea alba above the umbilicus

Question 17

Umbilical hernia

Answer 17

Hernia through the umbilical ring, in adults associated with ascites, pregnancy, and obesity

Question 18

Intraparietal hernia

Answer 18

Hernia in which abdominal contents migrate between the layers of the abdominal wall

Question 19

Femoral hernia

Answer 19

Hernia medial to femoral vessels (under inguinal ligament)

Question 20

Hesselbach’s hernia

Answer 20

Hernia under the inguinal ligament lateral to femoral vessels

Question 21

Bochdalek’s hernia

Answer 21

Hernia through the posterior diaphragm usually on the left think back to the left on the diaphragm

Question 22

Morgagni’s hernia

Answer 22

Anterior parasternal diaphragmatic hernia

Question 23

Properitoneal hernia

Answer 23

Intraparietal hernia between theperitoneum and transversalis fascia

Question 24

Cooper’s hernia

Answer 24

Hernia through the femoral Canal and tracking into the scrotum or labia majus

Question 25

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 25

Lateral to hesselbach’s

Question 26

Direct inguinal

Answer 26

Medial to hesselbachs

Question 27

Hiatal hernia

Answer 27

Hernia through the esophageal hiatus

Question 28

Amyand’s hernia

Answer 28

Hernia sac containing a ruptured appendix. Think: ambience equals appendix

Question 29

Garengoff’s hernia

Answer 29

The hernia sac has the appendix. Importance is that it may form an inflamed hernia

Question 30

Maydl’s hernia

Answer 30

Hernia-in-W) is a rare type of hernia and may be lethal if undiagnosed. The hernial sac contains two loops of bowel with another loop of bowel being intra-abdominal. A loop of bowel in the form of ‘W lies in the hernial sac and the centre portion of the ‘W loop may become strangulated, either alone or in combination with the bowel in the hernial sac

Question 31

Perineal hernia

Answer 31

located through the pelvic diaphragm, anterior or posterior.

Question 32

Eventration

Answer 32

loss of integrity of the abdominal wall, reducing the intra-abdominal pressure and resulting in external herniation of bowel.

Question 33

Name as many hernia types as you can. GO!!!

Answer 33

“GUM Frequently SPILLOVER BACH” 3S 3P 3I
Grynfelts, garengoffs
Umbilical
Morgagni, Maydl’s

Femoral

Sliding, Spigelian, Sciatic, Sports
Petit’s, Pantaloon, Parastomal, paraesophageal, paraumbilical, properitoneal, Perineal
Internal, Indirect inguinal, Inguinal, Intraparietal, Inscisional
Lumbar
Littre’s
Obturator
Ventral, Velpeau hernia: a hernia in the groin in front of the femoral blood vessels
Epigastric
Richter’s

Bochdalek’s hernia, Bleichner’s (Petit + Gryn)
Amyand’s
Cooper’s
Hiatal, hesselbachs