Hernias

Question 1

What is an abdominal hernia?

Answer 1

Protrusion of abdominal contents

outside of the abdominal wall

Question 2

What are the parts of an abdominal hernia?

Answer 2

Abdominal wall layers

Peritoneum

Abdominal contents

Question 3

How is the location of an abdominal hernia described?

Answer 3

At the point where the abdominal contents leave the abdominal wall

Question 4

Where do abdominal hernias occur?

Answer 4

Weak areas of abdominal wall

Question 5

What are some examples of weak areas in the abdominal wall?

Answer 5

Umbilicus

Inguinal canal

Femoral canal

Hesselbach’s triangle

Question 6

What is the most common type abdominal hernia?

Answer 6

Inguinal hernia

Question 7

What are the types of inguinal hernias?

Answer 7

Direct

Indirect

Question 8

Are direct or indirect inguinal hernias more common?

Answer 8

Indirect

Question 9

Are indirect inguinal hernias more common in males or females?

Answer 9

Males

Question 10

Do indirect inguinal hernias usually occur on the right side or the left side?

Answer 10

Right side

Question 11

What do the abdominal contents pass through in indirect inguinal hernias?

Answer 11

Pass through incompletely obliterated processus vaginalis

into inguinal canal

Question 12

How far do the abdominal contents pass through the inguinal canal in indirect inguinal hernias?

Answer 12

Depends on the point up to where the processus vaginalis obliterated

Question 13

How far can the abdominal contents pass in indirect inguinal hernias if the processus vaginalis didn’t obliterate at all?

Answer 13

Can pass all the way into the scrotum

Question 14

Where are indirect inguinal hernias located in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 14

Laterally to the inferior epigastric vessels

Question 15

What do abdominal contents pass through in direct inguinal hernias?

Answer 15

Through Hesselbach’s triangle

Then through area around superficial ring of inguinal canal, but do not pass into inguinal canal!

Question 16

Where are direct inguinal hernias located in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 16

Medially to inferior epigastric vessels

Question 17

Are femoral hernias more common in males or females?

Answer 17

Females

Question 18

What do abdominal contents pass through in femoral hernias?

Answer 18

Through femoral ring into femoral canal
then out of femoral canal
then through saphenous opening

Question 19

What is meant by a reducible abdominal hernia?

Answer 19

Can push abdominal contents back in

Question 20

What is meant by an incarcerated abdominal hernia?

Answer 20

Can’t push abdominal contents back in

irreducible

Question 21

Are femoral hernias reducible or incarcerated?

Answer 21

Incarcerated

Question 22

What is a complication of a femoral hernia?

Answer 22

Become strangulated

Question 23

What is meant by a strangulated femoral hernia?

Answer 23

Blood supply to abdominal contents that have herniated is cut off

Question 24

Are umbilical hernias more common in males or females?

Answer 24

Females

Question 25

What do abdominal contents pass through in an umbilical hernia?

Answer 25

Weakness in scar of umbilicus

Question 26

What is the order of abdominal contents pushing through in an epigastric hernia?

Answer 26

Extra-peritoneal fat

then peritoneum

Question 27

What do abdominal contents pass through in an epigastric hernia?

Answer 27

Linea alba

between xiphoid process and umbilicus

Question 28

What are the signs and symptoms of an abdominal hernia?

Answer 28

Pain

Swelling

Nausea, vomiting

Sepsis

Question 29

How do abdominal hernias lead to sepsis?

Answer 29

Hernia becomes strangulated
tissue death by necrosis
cell products enter the blood