Heroin + Opioids

Question 1

Heroin:

Question 2

Hypodermic Needle-Syringes

Answer 2

Invented in 1853 by Pravaz and Wood for intravenous morphine injection.

Question 3

Heroin Synthesis

Answer 3

Heroin (diacetylmorphine) synthesized by Felix Hoffman at Bayer in 1897.

Question 4

Heroin Marketing

Answer 4

Bayer heavily marketed heroin for respiratory ailments post-synthesis.

Question 5

Heroin Addiction Comparison

Answer 5

British Pharmaceutical Codex notes heroin as addictive as morphine in 1911.

Question 6

Heroin Act of 1924

Answer 6

Made heroin manufacture and possession illegal in the U.S.

Question 7

Opiate Definition

Answer 7

Heroin is an opiate chemically similar to morphine and other narcotics.

Question 8

Heroin Source

Answer 8

Processed from morphine extracted from specific poppy plant varieties.

Question 9

Heroin Appearance

Answer 9

Typically sold as white or brownish powder, often cut with other substances.

Question 10

Fentanyl Strength

Answer 10

Fentanyl is 80-100 times stronger than morphine and 50 times stronger than heroin.

Question 11

Heroin Administration Shift

Answer 11

Observed shift from injection to sniffing and smoking due to increased purity.

Question 12

Opiate Receptors Stimulation

Answer 12

Heroin directly stimulates opiate receptors in the brain.

Question 13

Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing

Answer 13

Heroin crosses the blood-brain barrier and converts to morphine in the brain.

Question 14

Heroin Short-Term Effects

Answer 14

Abusers experience a rush, skin flushing, drowsiness, and slowed functions.

Question 15

Heroin Tolerance

Answer 15

Users develop rapid tolerance to heroin’s effects, leading to withdrawal symptoms.

Question 16

Heroin Withdrawal Symptoms

Answer 16

Include restlessness, pain, insomnia, vomiting, and flu-like symptoms.

Question 17

Chronic Heroin Abuse Consequences

Answer 17

Include vein damage, infections, organ diseases, and respiratory complications.

Question 18

Injection Equipment Sharing Risks

Answer 18

Can lead to hepatitis B and C, HIV, and other blood-borne viruses.

Question 19

Opiate Substitution Therapy

Answer 19

Switching to milder withdrawal-inducing drugs like methadone or buprenorphine.

Question 20

Pharmacotherapy for Heroin Use Disorder

Answer 20

Using methadone or buprenorphine to taper off heroin addiction.

Question 21

Maintenance Therapies

Answer 21

Designed to reduce withdrawal symptoms, cravings, and overdose risks.

Question 22

Blockade Effect of Medications

Answer 22

Prevents users from getting high from heroin, aiding in abstinence.

Question 23

Opioid Replacement Therapies Efficacy

Answer 23

Maintenance therapies aim to reduce withdrawal symptoms and overdose risk.

Question 24

Opioids:

Question 25

Opioids

Answer 25

Class of drugs for pain relief, includes natural & synthetic variants

Question 26

Analgesia

Answer 26

Pain relief without loss of consciousness

Question 27

Descending inhibitory systems

Answer 27

Neural pathways that reduce pain signals

Question 28

C-fibers

Answer 28

Nerve fibers transmitting slow, chronic pain signals

Question 29

Polymorphisms in MOR gene

Answer 29

Genetic variations in the opioid receptor gene

Question 30

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 30

Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 31

Reward pathway

Answer 31

Brain circuit activated by pleasurable stimuli

Question 32

Oxycodone CR

Answer 32

Controlled-release oxycodone for chronic pain

Question 33

Misuse rates

Answer 33

Percentage of opioid use contrary to prescription

Question 34

Addiction rates

Answer 34

Percentage of users with harmful, compulsive drug use

Question 35

Universal Precautions

Answer 35

Standard care practices to prevent opioid misuse

Question 36

Opioid antagonist

Answer 36

Drug that blocks opioid receptors, used to reverse overdose

Question 37

Opioid tapering

Answer 37

Gradual reduction of opioid dosage to prevent withdrawal

Question 38

Tapering rate

Answer 38

Recommended percentage decrease in opioid dose per month

Question 39

Opioid discontinuation risks

Answer 39

Increased risk of overdose or suicide after stopping opioids

Question 40

Patient-Centered Opioid Tapering

Answer 40

Individualized, voluntary approach to reducing opioid dosage