Heroism Research

Question 1

The mythic views examined by _____ resonated with the general public

Answer 1

Joseph Campbell

Question 2

The mythic views of heroism influenced humanity and existential psychology during the peak of _____

Answer 2

Third Force movement in Psychology

Question 3

suggested that small acts of everyday heroism also deserved attention and study

Answer 3

Frank Farley

Question 4

touched again on heroism as a key exploration in invited addresses

Answer 4

Sara Bridges

Question 5

APA SHP

Answer 5

APA Society for Humanistic Psychology

Question 6

well known stories of heroes in the Western civilization

Answer 6

Homer’s Iliad and Virgil’s Aeneid

Question 7

Greek hero, ______, demonstrates the ways in which the
exemplary battlefield legend presents a challenge to his commanders while
also highlighting the pathos of a young man who understood his own mortal-
ity and could personally identify with his enemies

Answer 7

Achilles

Question 8

theme of modern European philosophers

Answer 8

Ancient Heroism

Question 9

concluded “that heroism is not only socially useful but also admirable in itself,
even if destructive”

Answer 9

David Hume (2007)

Question 10

argued that
the virtue associated with the hero is “strength of soul”

Answer 10

Jean-Jacquess Rousseau

Question 11

virtue associated with the hero

Answer 11

strength of soul

Question 12

recognized the power of stories about heroism for making good citizens,
arguing that emulation of great examples from the past engenders

Answer 12

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 13

recognized that heroism and morality are not necessarily bound up with one another

Answer 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 14

the phrase hero worship first appeared in ______’s classic (1841) volume

Answer 14

Thomas Carlyle

Question 15

proposed that all human history is a product of great individuals who were gifted with supreme vision and action.

Answer 15

hero worship

Question 16

argued, made it one’s duty to worship heroes and that
“worship of a hero is transcendent admiration of a Great Man”

Answer 16

Thomas Carlyle

Question 17

argued that great men are endowed with charisma

Answer 17

Max Weber

Question 18

“a
certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart
from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman,
or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities”

Answer 18

Charisma (def by Max Weber)

Question 19

observed primal horde leaders

Answer 19

Sigmund Freud

Question 20

become deified in death

Answer 20

prime horde leaders

Question 21

leaders who _____ are viewed as especially charismatic

Answer 21

invoke religious feelings and ideation

Question 22

provoked discussion and empirical research
that aims to unveil the contemporary meaning of the term hero

Answer 22

academic dialogue

Question 23

In this book, the author, flipped his seminal ideas about the
human capacity for evil, to exploring the human possibilities for heroism

Answer 23

The Lucifer Effect

Question 24

Author of The Lucifer Effect

Answer 24

Philip Zimbado

Question 25

we care about heroic stories because

Answer 25

they serve as powerful reminders that people are capable of resisting evil

Question 26

heroism represents____

Answer 26

what is right in human nature

Question 27

Franco and Zimbardo (2006) introduced two helpful ideas

Answer 27

1. acts of everyday heroism can be carried out by all and are not reserved to an elite minority 2. it is possible to nurture a mind-set to help others in need

Question 28

reinforced the idea that heroism occupies a central place in human experiencr

Answer 28

Philip Zimbardo

Question 29

Heroism necessarily overlaps with these topics

Answer 29

altruism, pro-social behavior, risk taking behavior

Question 30

defined heroes as individuals who choose to take physical risks on behalf of one or more people, despite the possibility of suffering serious consequences, including death

Answer 30

Becker and Eagly

Question 31

Physical-risk heroism has been further divided into

Answer 31

Martial, Civil Heroism

Question 32

actioned by military personnel

Answer 32

Martial Heroism

Question 33

involves heroic action in the service of ideals, and as a consequence the hero may experience lowered social status, lost credibility, financial instability, social ostracization, arrest, torture, risks to family mem- bers, and, on occasion, death

Answer 33

Social Heroism

Question 34

generalized the term heroism into “people who faced the fact of their mortality, who took serious risks and/or overcame major hardship, and who did so in the service of a principle”

Answer 34

Kohen

Question 35

Executive Order No. 75

Answer 35

Creating the National Heroes Committee Under the Office of the President

Question 36

Executive Order No. 75 was signed by

Answer 36

Former Pres. Fidel V. Ramos

Question 37

offered an a priori taxonomy of heroic subtypes and exemplars

Answer 37

Philip Zimbado

Question 38

3 overall categories of heroes

Answer 38

fictional heroes, family members as heroes, and nonfictional heroes who were also not family members

Question 39

Types of Influence

Answer 39

weak–strong, short-term or long-term, widespread–limited, waxing– waning, hidden–exposed, or constructed–authentic

Question 40

8 trait clusters of a hero

Answer 40

smart, strong, caring, selfless, charismatic, resilient, reliable, and inspiring

Question 41

generic situations that might be regarded as heroic

Answer 41

duty-bound, non-duty bound, physical risk, social risk

Question 42

viewed as most purely heroic

Answer 42

non-duty-bound physical risk

Question 43

4 social risk hero types

Answer 43

politico-religious leaders, good Samaritans, bureaucracy heroes, and whistle-blower

Question 44

most central features of heroism

Answer 44

bravery, moral integrity, conviction, courageous, self-sacrifice, protecting, honesty, selfless, determined, saves others, inspiring, and helpful

Question 45

less common central features

Answer 45

proactive, humble, strong, risk-taker, fearless, caring, powerful, compassionate, leadership skills, exceptional, intelligent, talented, and personable.

Question 46

heroes view their actions as

Answer 46

“take the next right action”

Question 47

__% associated with physical risk

Answer 47

46

Question 48

__% associated with unjustified risk

Answer 48

9

Question 49

heroes serve as a ___ to others

Answer 49

shield

Question 50

reasons that physical-risk heroes intervene

Answer 50

diff in altruism, need to self actualize,less concerned with social implications of their actions