herp quiz 1

Question 1

rank the taxonomic categories

Answer 1

kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species

Question 2

name the orders in class amphibia

Answer 2

• caudata (salamanders) ~800
• Gymnophiona (caecilians) ~200
• anura (frogs & toads) ~7600

Question 3

name the orders in the class reptilia

Answer 3

• rhynchocephalian (tuatara) - 1 species
• testudines ~360 species
• crocidilia - 27 species
• squamata
  
  • serpentes (snakes) ~4000
  • sauria (lizards) ~7300
  • amphisbaenia (worm lizards) ~200 species

Question 4

What is the difference between the name being in parenthese vs no parenthese? ex. (Linnaeus, 1776)

Answer 4

no parentheses = theres only one scientific name, the one he originally gave it

parentheses = scientific name has been changed due to it being placed in the wrong taxonomic group

Question 5

define oviparous

Answer 5

laying eggs in freshwater or land

Question 6

define viviparous

Answer 6

mother develops young in her body

Question 7

(t/f) do all reptiles practice internal fertilization?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

who is the herpetologist F.M.D?

Answer 8

francois marie daudin
- published natural history of tree frogs, frogs, and toads
- published natural history of reptiles
- his wife drew the book illustrations
- Adelaide died of tb at 29 and francois died of tb at 27
- he discovered many species (pinesnake)

Question 8

who is the herpetologist J.E.H?

Answer 8

john Edwards Holbrook
- he was a north American herpetologist
- published 1st book on north American herp
- he found new species
- lesser earless lizard -> genus holbrookia (named in honor of him)

Question 8

describe a frogs life

Answer 8

they need a body of water to lay their eggs, egg hatches in aquatic larval stage (tadpoles - herbivours), they complete metamorphosis, losing tail and gils (develop lungs), once adult stage is reached they are carnivorous!

Question 8

define monohpyletic group

Answer 8

all descendants from one common ancestor

Question 8

define amniotic egg

Answer 8

carries watery environment which has an advantage to wander around

Question 9

(t/f) amphibians and reptiles are ectotherms

Answer 9

true

Question 9

define ectothermy

Answer 9

gaining/losing heat through the environment

Question 10

whats the difference between primitive and derived?

Answer 10

primitive are traits inherited from an ancestor while derived is traits that have evolved within the group of related organisms (not present in the ancestor)

Question 10

herpetologist measure length in what two ways?

Answer 10

snout-vent length and total length

Question 10

what is so special about amphibian skin?

Answer 10

their skin allows them to live in wet & dry environment

Question 11

define stratum corneum

Answer 11

outer layer of skin that protect animals from drying out

Question 12

define chromatophere

Answer 12

color cells which are flexible

Question 13

(t/f) amphibians can be toxic

Answer 13

true

Question 14

effector cells = ?

Answer 14

pigments

Question 15

xanthopores = ?

Answer 15

yellow

Question 16

erythropores = ?

Answer 16

red

Question 17

melanophores = ?

Answer 17

black/brown

Question 18

iridiphores = ?

Answer 18

silvery

Question 19

amphibian eggs are ?

Answer 19

jelly like structure that surrounds egg and protects it

Question 20

amphibians have a _ chamber heart.

Answer 20

3

Question 21

what is the least well known vertebrate?

Answer 21

caecilians

Question 22

caecilians eyes are?

Answer 22

typically covered but some have protrusible eyes

Question 23

caecilian are found in?

Answer 23

tropical rainforest

Question 24

define stegokrotraphy

Answer 24

have a solid skull (primitive)

Question 25

define zygokrotaphy

Answer 25

skull contains holes

Question 26

are caecilians oviparous or viviparous?

Answer 26

both

Question 27

define dermophagy

Answer 27

skin eating

Question 28

define oophagy

Answer 28

egg eating

Question 29

define annuli

Answer 29

rings that correspond to vertebrates

Question 30

what muscles do caecilians contain?

Answer 30

depressor/adductor mandibular and interhyoid

Question 31

how many families do caecilians have?

Answer 31

10

Question 32

there is no caecilians where?

Answer 32

in north america

Question 33

all caudata are __ in both larvae and adults

Answer 33

carnivorous

Question 34

define spermatophores

Answer 34

allows for internal fertilization (cap filled with spermatozoa and gelatinous base)

Question 35

define vernal ponds

Answer 35

no competition present so salamander lay their eggs there

Question 36

what metamohprosis occurs in salamnders

Answer 36

loss/reduction of lateral line, development of eyelids, loss of gills, reduction in tail fin, change in skin structure (statum corneum forms)

Question 37

define lateral line

Answer 37

pressure receptor (hair cells) -- sense water pressure

Question 38

define pedomorphic and give examples

Answer 38

maintains some larval characteristic as mature adult sirendae- lack hind limbs amphiumidae - reduced limbs proteidae - gills

Question 39

how many families do salamanders have?

Answer 39

9

Question 40

define plethodontidae

Answer 40

lungless salamander -- they breathe through their skin

Question 41

define direct development

Answer 41

not involvoing metamorphosis

Question 42

frogs are everywhere except?

Answer 42

antartica

Question 43

frogs are _____ as adults but most are _____ at larval stage

Question 44

frogs have how many families?

Answer 44

54

Question 45

how long do frogs live?

Answer 45

2-3 years