Herpes

Question 1

What are the 4 component of the structure of herpes?

Answer 1

1) Envelope
2) Tegument (protein)
3) Capsid
4) Genome

Question 2

What is the capsid?
What type of genome?
How does it enter?

Answer 2

• Herpesviridae have enveloped icosahedral capsids.
• Linear ds DNA
• Attaches to cell’s receptor and enter fell through fusion.

Question 3

T/F: Herpes can have latency.

Answer 3

True. Remain inactive inside infected cells. Can reactivate causing recurrence of disease.

Question 4

What are the 4 genera of herpesviridae?

Answer 4

1) Simplexvirus (most virulent)
2) Varicellovirus
3) Lymphocryptovirus
4) Cytomegalovirus
5) Roseolovirus

Question 5

How many human herpesvirus?

Answer 5

Eight. Number according to number discovered.

First 2 are simplexviruses.

Question 6

How is herpes virus released?

Answer 6

By budding. Buds out of the nuclear membrane first. Then it is exocytosis outside of cell.

Question 7

What is the usual source of infection?

Answer 7

Active lesions. Transmission through close bodily contact.

Question 8

Asymptomatic carriers can shed _ _ - genitally.

Answer 8

HSV-2.

Question 9

Where do viruses enter?

Answer 9

Through cracks, cuts in mucous membranes.

Question 10

What happens to skin lesions?

Answer 10

Inflammation. Cell death at site of infection.

Question 11

How can herpes spread from cell to cell?

Answer 11

Through formation of syncytia.

Question 12

What is true latency?

Answer 12

Virus enters into a cell and stays dormant, do not replicate.

Question 13

What is clinical latency?

Answer 13

Virus replicating at low level.

Question 14

Where do the HSV-1 stay dormant?

Answer 14

Trigeminal nerve ganglion and Brachial ganglia.

Question 15

What is whitlow?

Answer 15

On fingers.

Question 16

What is karatitis?

Answer 16

Eyes.

Question 17

What is gladiatorum?

Answer 17

Neck.

Question 18

What do topical applications do to the virus?

Answer 18

Limit duration of the lesions and reduce viral shedding. Drugs do not cure or free nerve cells of latent viral infections.

Question 19

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes what 2 diseases?

Answer 19

1) Varicella - chicken pox (children)

2) Herpes zoster - shingles (adults)

Question 20

How does VZV enter body?

Answer 20

Enters skin through respiratory tract and eyes.

Question 21

How does VZV travel?

Answer 21

Replicate at site of infection and travel through blood.

Question 22

What is characteristic of shingles?

Answer 22

Rash localized along a dermatome - dorsal roots from the spine.

Question 23

What is EBV or HHV-4? What disease does it cause if you lack immune system? What about poor?

Answer 23

Epstein-Barr. Cause different diseases depending on cellular immunity status.

Lacking immunity would cause ORAL HAIRY LEUOPLAKIA.

Poor is burkitts lymphoma.

Question 24

What are associations of burkitts lymphoma?

Answer 24

1) Endemic variant, in africa, chronic malaria.
2) Sporadic type. non-african, small intestine.
3) Immunodeficiency-associated. HIV

Causes chronic fatigue.

Question 25

What type of cancer does burkitts lymphoma cause?

Answer 25

Nasopharyngeal cancer.

Question 26

What results from EBV from vigorous immune response? (Hyperactive immune response)

Answer 26

Atypical lymphocytes. Results in infectious mononucleosis.

Question 27

How are EBV transmitted?

Answer 27

Saliva.

Question 28

What cells do EBV virions infect?

Answer 28

Epithelial cells of pharynx and parotid salivary glands.

Question 29

How does EBV travel in body and invades what cells?

Answer 29

Enters bloodstream. Invades B lymphocytes.

Question 30

Where is EBV latent? How do these cells become immortalized?

Answer 30

Latent in b cells and immortalize by suppressing apoptosis.

Question 31

Why do the symptoms of mononucleosis arise?

Answer 31

Cytotoxic t cells kill virus infected b lymphocytes.

Question 32

What is the 5th herpes? What happens to infected cells?

Answer 32

CMV - Cytomegalovirus. cells become enlarged.

Question 33

How is CMV transmitted?

Answer 33

Through bodily secretions. Require close contact and large exchange of secretion (sex). Also transmitted by utero exposure, vaginal birth, blood transfusions, organ transplants.

Question 34

T/F: Most CMV infections are asymptomatic.

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

Who develops complications to CMV? What's different about CMV causing mono than EBV?

Answer 35

Fetuses, newborns, immunodeficient patients. CMV can cause birth defects, even death. CMV causes mono, but heterophile ab is not produced. Where heterophile is produced in EBV.

Question 36

T/F: CMV causes infectious mononucleosis heterophile ab not produced.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

What is HHV-6? Causes what symptom?

Answer 37

Genus roseolovirus. Pink rash on face, neck, trunk, and thighs. Also cause mononucleosis-like symptoms.

Question 38

What does HHV-6 make individuals more susceptible to?

Answer 38

AIDS.

Question 39

What is HHV-8 associated with?

Answer 39

Associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, cancer seen in AIDS patients. Virus is not found in cancer-free patients or in normal tissues of victims.

Question 40

1) HSV 1 2) HSV2 3) VZV 4) EBV 5) CMV 6) HHV-6 major 7) HHV-6 minor 8) KS

Answer 40

1) Cold sores 2) Genital 3) Chicken pox/shingles 4) Epstein-Barr 5) Cytomegalovirus 6) Roseolovirus 7) Roseolovirus 8) Kaposi's sarcoma