Herpes viruses Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the most common cause of viral encephalitis?
Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1)
What is the most common complication with shingles from the varicella virus?
Post-herpatic neuralgia
What is the “old” method of diagnosis for HSV-2 and VZV?
Tzanck smear
What types of cells are found microscopically in HSV-1 and 2?
Multinucleated (syncytial) giant cells
with intranuclear inclusion bodies
What is the best mode of diagnosis for HSV-1,2 and VZV?
PCR
What is the Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?
(AKA herpes zoster optics)
Infection of the ear (outer, middle and inner)
-can cause ipsilateral facial nerve deficiency
What type/name of vaccine is given for VZV?
Live attenuated virus
- Varilrix
What’s the other name for shingles?
Herpes zoster
caused by VZV (varicella zoster virus)
In which virus do we see the “owl eye” phenomenon?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
In which cells is CMV latent?
Mononuclear cells
What is the most common viral cause of mental retardation?
Congenital CMV
Possible signs and symptoms of congenital CMV infection?
- jaundice/hepatosplenomegaly/hepatitis
- microcephaly
- periventricular calcification
- deafness
- mental retardation
- epilepsy
- chorioretinitis
- pneumonia
- thrombocytopenia , hemolytic anemia
Diseases caused by CMV in immunocompromised patients?
- pneumonia
- (chorio)retinitis
- encephalitis
- disseminated infection
- colitis
- death
How do you diagnose mononucleosis due to the Epstein Barr virus?
- “Mono-spot” test AKA Paul-Bunnel test
What is observed in a lab test for mononucleosis from CMV?
- elevated liver enzymes
- monocytosis
What are the serological findings for infectious mononucleosis in a heterophiles negative patient?
- -> Heterophile negative indicates it is caused from EBV
- Serology: anti-CMV IgM and IgG
What is the therapy for CMV infections?
- orally: valganciclovir
- parenterally: gangiclovir (usually given)
- IF ganciclivor resistant: foscarnet, cidofovir
Modes of transmission of CMV?
- congenital transfusion
- sexual contact
- saliva
- urine
- transplant
What type of cells are seen in mononucleosis in a heterophiles positive patient?
Heterophile (+) = pt. has EBV
- atypical/Downey cells
- -> these cells are reactive cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells
What are the disease caused by epstein barr virus?
1) Infectious mononucleosis
2) Burkitt’s lymphoma (B cell lymphoma)
3) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
4) Lymphoproliferative disease (transplant pts)
5) Oral hairy leukoplakia
What can cause a maculopapular rash in EBV mononucleosis?
Treating the pt. with amoxicillin
What test is used for diagnosis of mononucleosis caused by EBV?
“Mono-spot” test: showing heterophile antibodies
–> detected via Ab agglutination of sheep/horse RBCs
What does HHV-6 cause? And what are it’s signs/symptoms?
Roseola infantum
- fever first
- “rosie” cheeks later
- -> diffuse macular rash develops
How is HSV6 and 7 transmitted?
Via saliva (direct contact)
