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Herpesvirus Flashcards

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1
Q

herpesvirus is a (enveloped/nonenenveloped) virus with an icosahedral core, and its genome is _______

A

enveloped

dsDNA

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2
Q

herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2, and varicella zoster( HHV3) all belong to what subfamily?

A

alphaherpesviridae

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3
Q

cytomegalovirus (HHV5) belongs to what subfamily?

A

betaherpesviridae

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4
Q

EBV (HHV4) and Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpes (HHV8) belong to what subfamily?

A

gammaherpesviridae

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5
Q

a replication competent virus undergoes non-productive virus infection thus not killing the cell

A

latency

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6
Q

during a latent infection, the herpesvirus synthesizes only a few viral transcripts, known as?

A

LATs: latency associated transcripts

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7
Q

cell receptors for HHV-1,2,5 (CMV), 7, 8?

A

the proteoglycan heparin sulfate

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8
Q

cell receptor for EBV?

A

complement receptor 2

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9
Q

cell receptor for HHV8?

A

integrins

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10
Q

herpesvirus transcription occurs via host _________, and transcription is dependent on both cell and viral proteins

A

RNA polymerase II

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11
Q

immediate early proteins involved in transcription regulation, controlled by VP16

A

alpha proteins

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12
Q

early proteins involved in DNA replication including DNA polymerase, DNA binding proteins, thymidine kinase, ribonucleotide reductase

A

beta proteins

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13
Q

late proteins, structural components of the virus

A

gamma proteins

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14
Q

herpes virus uses a ________ process for maturation and release from infected cells

A

double envelope

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15
Q

herpes viruses are capable of forming synctia composed of ________ cells and ______ of dying cells in monolayer

A

multinucleated giant cells, plaque

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16
Q

HSV1 spread by _______ contact, or autoinoculation by infection of fingers, body, or eye by mouth to skin contact

A

oral contact

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17
Q

HSV2 spread by _______ or autoinoculation

A

sexual contact

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18
Q

HSV-1 virus remains latent in ______ ganglion, and after ________ lesions generally occur in the same location, ______ frequently found as a genital lesion

A

trigeminal
reactivation
less

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19
Q

site of latency for HSV-1?

A

neurons in trigeminal, superior cerical, vagal ganglia

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20
Q

site of latency for varicella zoster/HHV3?

A

neuronal sensory ganglia

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21
Q

site of latency for EBV?

A

B cells

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22
Q

site of latency for CMV?

A

monocytes, lymphocytes

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23
Q

site of latency for HHV6/7?

A

T cells

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24
Q

clinical manifestations of HSV1?

A

encephalitis, keratoconjunctivits, pharyngitis, genital herpes, herpes whitlow

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25
clinical manifestations of HSV2?
encephalitis, meningitis, pharyngitis, perianal herpes, genital, herpes whitlow, and neonatal herpes
26
herpes labialis or cold sores are reactivations of HSV1 by situations that cause stress on the immune system such as?
stress, menstrual cycle, trauma, or exposure to UV light
27
development pattern of a cold sore?
pain/tingling/itching before lesion, then ertythema and edema, progressing to papule and vesicle within 24 hours
28
vesicle ulcerates and heals within??
7-10 days
29
in genital herpes, lesions appear where on men and women?
men: shaft of glans of penis women: vulva, vagina, cervix, perianal, inner thigh
30
incubation period of herpes?
5 days
31
found in children with pre-existing atopic dermatitis, also found within burn patients, can spread cutaneously, can spread to liver and adrenal glands
eczema herpeticum
32
infections of hands and wrists by HHV1/2, spread to open wounds/sores by coming into contact with infected body fluids
herpes whitlow
33
superficial lesions caused by HSV-1 that are most often seen in wrestlers, on the feet
herpes gladiatorum
34
infection of the conjunctiva by HSV1, almost always in one eye, recurrent activation of the virus can lead to permanent damage of cornea and blindness
herpes keratoconjunctivitis
35
herpes encephalitis is the most common form of _______ encephalitis, lesions generally confined to _______ lobe, get early influx of ________
sporadic temporal neutrophils then macrophages
36
histo of herpesvirus encephalitis shows invasion of ________, and _______ nodules engulfing dead neurons, as well as ________ inclusions
lymphocytes, microglial, Cowdry A intranuclear
37
- almost always caused by HSV2 - usually fatal, can be acquired in utero or by passage through birth canal - commonly when mother has a primary infection - virus spreads to liver, lungs, CNS
neonatal herpes
38
neonatal herpes autopsy shows?
-extensive destruction of brain, disseminated yellowish necrotic liver lesions, cowdry A inclusions
39
varicella zoster is causative agent of?
chickenpox and zoster (shingles)
40
reactivation of varicella zoster due to?
immune suppression such as cancer therapy, transplantation, sunlight, stress
41
peak incidence of VZV?
2-6 years of age
42
occurs with primary maternal infection during first trimester, get scarring of skin/hypoplasia of limbs/CNS and eye defects, mortality up to 35%
congenital varicella
43
scraping of base of lesion and examination of smear for typical herpesvirus cytopathology (intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions)
Tzanck smear
44
vaccine for varicella zoster is _________, given at 12-15 months and 4-6 years
live attenuated
45
given to people older than 60 to prevent shingles, same vaccine with more virus present
zostavax
46
- goes latent in B cells - diseases associated are mono, African Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hairy oral leukoplakia, post transplant lymphomas/AIDS associated
epstein barr virus
47
- spindle shaped cells with inflammatory infiltrates - infects and causes latent infection in B cells, can also infect endothelial cells and monocytes - homosexual the most susceptible group
Kaposi's sarcoma
48
- most common malignancy in HIV-1/AIDS patients - one of first recognized signs of AIDS in gay men - can diminish or resolve with HAART
AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma
49
Kaposi's sarcoma cycle: - initial infection of susceptible cells - establishment of _______ - activation of viral lytic genes - infects ______ cell - Kaposi's sarcoma
latency endothelial
50
EBV transmitted through? | what cells keep EBV in check?
saliva | CD8 T cells
51
latency genes in EBV interfere with?
cell control and differentiation, underscores ability of EBV to cause transformation of B cells
52
latency 0 in EBV?
non-dividing B cells, no disease
53
latency 1 in EBV?
affects healthy memory B cells, assoc'd with Burkitt's lymphoma, AIDS related DLBCL, primary effusion lymphoma
54
latency 2 in EBV?
Hodgkin lymphoma, T/NK cell lymphoma
55
latency 3 in EBV?
AIDS related DLBCL, infectious mononucleosis
56
- symptoms include cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, exudative pharyngitis, hepatomegaly - rarely fatal
infectious mononucleosis
57
as EBV infects and causes proliferation of B cells by a non-specific mitogen like activation of B cells leads to the production of antibodies to many different antigens. the antibodies are known as?
heterophile antibodies
58
atypical lymphocytes seen in EBV are known as?
Downey cells
59
- endemic in Central Africa | - chromosomal translocation 8 to 14/22
Burkitt's lymphoma
60
- less than 1% of all cancers in US - young adults and older adults - Reed Sternberg cells, of B cell origin
Hodgkin's lymphoma
61
- derived from epithelial cells - adults - endemic in china, east africa, tunisia - p16 viral protein and upregulation of cyclin D1
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
62
- the most common virus transmitted to a pregnant woman's unborn child - outcome depends on immune status of individual: from asymptomatic carrier, to mono, to inclusion disease, to multiple symptomatic disease
cytomegalovirus
63
- isolation of CMV from saliva or urine within 3 weeks of birth - 40% chance of transmission to fetus following primary infection - may be transmitted at all stages of pregnancy - damage results from destruction of target cells once they are formed, no teratogenicity
congenital CMV infection
64
- CNS: microcephaly, mental retardation - eye: choroidoretinitis, optic atrophy - ear: sensorineural deafness - liver: hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice - lung: pneumonitis - heart: myocarditis - thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia
cytomegalic inclusion disease
65
- most common infection in solid organ transplant recipients - 1-3 months following transplant - primary infection more severe than recurrent - fever, pneumonitis, GI manifestations, hepatitis - not associated with organ rejection
CMV
66
HHV-6 infection associated with? - replicates where? - incubation? - latent infection in what cells?
roseola infantum - salivary glands - 4 to 7 days - latent in T cells and monocytes, replication controlled by cell mediated processes
67
HHV7 associated with?
no human disease
68
- 6month to 3 year olds - high fever for 3 days - febrile seizure in some patients - mild, pink, morbilliform exanthem - rash for 1-2 days then disappears
roseola infantum

Infectious Disease (22 decks)

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