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hesi Flashcards

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1
Q

what is metabolism

A

the process by which organisms use energy

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2
Q

what is not true about cells

A

they are not eukarotes

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3
Q

what is the teo types of cellular transport

A

Active and passive

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4
Q

Aerobic

A

the presence of oxygen

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5
Q

when both parents give offspring the same allele, the offspring is

A

Homozygous

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6
Q

Genetic is the study of

A

Heredity

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7
Q

scientist suggest that evolution has occurred through what process

A

Natural selection

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8
Q

list the cellular hierarchy from simple to complex

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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9
Q

If a cell is hypertonic solution

A

It will shrink

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10
Q

what is the longest phase of the cell cycle

A

interphase

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11
Q

non communicable disease is

A

Arthritis

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12
Q

all living organism on earth utilize

A

a triple genetic code

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13
Q

not a nitrogenous base found in DNA

A

Uracil

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14
Q

list the hierarchic system

A

Kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus, species

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15
Q

After observing what happens next

A

hypothesis

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16
Q

list it the scientific method

A

observation, research, hypothesis, experiment, data, analysis, conclude

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17
Q

a molecule of water is bonded with another molecule of water by what bond

A

hydrogen

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18
Q

most important molecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

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19
Q

liqids are better known as fats what are they known as

A

fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids

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20
Q

two categories of fatty acids

A

saturated fats and unstaurated

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21
Q

what is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism

A

metabolism

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22
Q

the reaction takes place in a series of steps called

A

metabolic pathways

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23
Q

fundamental unit of biology

A

cell

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24
Q

what type of cell contains no defined nucleus

A

prokaryotic cell

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25
primary purpose of the flagella on the surface of cell
movement of the cell
26
cell organelle functions to transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell
Gologi apparatus
27
distinct organelles that produces cell energy
mitochondrion and chloroplast
28
how do phospholipids function
they are intregal components of the plasma
29
what is the protection, communication and passage of the substance into and out of the cell
cell membrane
30
most significant contributor to cellular function
proteins
31
proteins are polymers of which
Amino acids
32
proteins catalyze different reactions or processes
Enzyme
33
molecules of inheritance
Nucleic Acids
34
the cell membrane is
selectively permeable
35
two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production
Fermentation and cellular respiration
36
what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
unsaturated fats contain one of more double bonds in their hydrocarbon trails, while saturated fats contain no double bonds
37
which step is cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell and produces two ATP molecules, six carbon dioxide molecules and six NADH molecules for every molecule of glucose
kerb cycle
38
which organelle is responsible for storing, modifying and sending out products of the endoplasmic reticulum such as proteins
Golgi apparatus
39
which phase is the chromosomes duplicated and the cel prepares for division
interphase
40
characteristics of water
the benefits of polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value strong cohesive and adhesive properties and its versatility as a solvent
41
what is the role of water in photosynthesis
supply electrons in the light reaction
42
true or false. the net effecting of photosynthesis, chemically, is reducing, leading to the formation of simple carbohydrates and accompanies by a release of oxygen
True
43
DNA exists in the form of ____ strands of DNA coiled about each other
Double
44
what is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate
Glycolysis
45
During cell respiration, the conversion of glucose results in an overall production of how many ATP molecules
32-36
46
which step in cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP
electron transport chain
47
what is the fuction of water in photosynthesis
supple electrons in the light reactions
48
Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two categories
Asexual reproduction and mitosis
49
which of the following describes how a bacterium reproduces
Binary fission
50
Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants
A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage
51
during which phase of the cell reproduction does the cell divide forming two separate identical cell
cytokinesis
52
how does meiosis differ from mitosis
in meiosis, each of the daughter cell contain half as many chromosomes as the parent
53
at what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur
phase 1
54
a cell division occurs in a human. the resulting cells contain 23 chromosomes. this is a description of gametes formed by process
Meiosis
55
which organelle is responsible for generating ATP that is used for chemical energy
mitochondria
56
what happens in a hypotonic solutions
Swell
57
The movement of a substance across a cell membrane from low to high concentration is known as
diffusion
58
during what stage of mitosis does the single cell split into two separate daughter cell
Anaphase
59
Bacteria that need oxygen to survive are called
Aerobic
60
Meiosis produces germ cells and mitosis produces
somatic
61
what is used to describe the appearance of the organism
Phenotype
62
why is DNA important for metabolic activities of the cell
It controls the synthesis of enzymes
63
During protein synthesis which process uses an RNA strand to produce a complementary strand of DNA
transcription

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