HESI A2 A&P Flashcards by Abigail De Leon

What is a characteristic of viral herpes?
A) Fever
B) Rash
C) Skin Eruption
D) Muscle Weakness

Skin Eruption

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When a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum, which anatomical structure is affected?
A) Nasal Bone
B) Mandible
C) Vomer (in nose)
D) Maxilla

Vomer (in nose)

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Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory system?
A) Larynx
B) Pharynx
C) Trachea
D) Bronchi

Pharynx

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A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in?
A) Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers
B) Leg, inability to dorsiflex foot
C) Hand, inability to flex fingers
D) Back, inability to extend spine

Arm, inability to abduct arms and fingers

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Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
A) Hyoid Bone
B) Femur
C) Tibia
D) Radius

Hyoid Bone

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Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
A) They produce antibodies to fight infections
B) They regulate body temperature through sweat production
C) They aid in digestion by producing enzymes
D) They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

They secrete chemicals into the blood, growth, metabolism, sexual development and function

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Diet is important because bones are storage places for?
A) Vitamin C & Vitamin D
B) Sodium & Potassium
C) Calcium & Phosphorus
D) Iron & Magnesium

Calcium & Phosphorus

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Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and urinary system?
A) Prostate gland
B) Testes
C) Urethra
D) Epididymis

Urethra

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Ligaments provide which connection?
A) Bone to bone
B) Muscle to bone
C) Tendon to muscle
D) Muscle to muscle

Bone to bone

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Which structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A) Renal pelvis
B) Urethra
C) Ureter
D) Renal vein

Ureter

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Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
A) Lactic Acid
B) Glucose
C) ATP
D) Carbon Dioxide

Lactic Acid

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As a part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to re-absorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Chondrocytes
D) Fibroblasts

Osteoclasts

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Sweat on the skin’s surface cools the body through which process?
A) Radiation
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Conduction

Evaporation

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When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian and the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color, the nurse should ask the client if she has eaten a large amount of?
A) Bananas and apples
B) Carrot and squash
C) Spinach and broccoli
D) Beans and lentils

Carrot and squash

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Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?
A) Palms facing anterior
B) Palms facing posterior
C) Palms facing lateral
D) Palms facing medial

Palms facing anterior

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Which structure is a ball & socket joint?
A) Shoulder
B) Hip
C) Elbow
D) Knee

Shoulder

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Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus & stapes?
A) Skull & Ear
B) Nasal Cavity
C) Spinal Cord
D) Pharynx

Skull & Ear

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What are like cells grouped together called?
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Organ System
D) Organism

Tissue

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The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?
A) Popliteal
B) Carotid
C) Radial
D) Femoral

Popliteal

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Ceruminous (apocrine) glands secrete?
A) Earwax
B) Saliva
C) Sebum
D) Sweat

Earwax

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What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
A) Hinge
B) Ball and Socket
C) Pivot
D) Gliding

Hinge

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What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated / increased?
A) Cardiac output
B) Respiratory rate increases
C) Digestion decreases
D) Urination decreases

Cardiac Output

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Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Oral cavity
C) Small intestine
D) Esophagus

Oral cavity

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Which cell structure regulates the transport of substances in & out of a cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Plasma Membrane
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plasma membrane

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The mediastinum is located within which cavity? A) Abdominal cavity B) Thoracic cavity C) Cranial cavity D) Pelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity

What is the effect of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter? A) Regulates muscle contraction B) Stimulates adrenaline release C) Controls blood sugar levels D) Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

Involved with mood, anxiety, sleep, happiness, appetite

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted? A) H2O is excreted into the urinary filtrate B) Sodium ions are excreted C) H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate D) Potassium ions are re-absorbed

H2O is re-absorbed from urinary filtrate

What is the function of thrombocytes (platelets)? A) Blood clotting B) Oxygen transport C) Muscle contraction D) Hormone production

Blood clotting

Which muscle of the quad femoris group lies on the outer side surface of the lower extremity? A) Rectus Femoris B) Vastus Medialis C) Vastus Intermedius D) Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Lateralis

Which structure is located on the sternum? A) Clavicle B) Body C) Xiphoid Process D) Manubrium

Xiphoid Process

The occipital region is located in which part of the body? A) Head / Skull B) Limbs C) Torso / Chest D) Abdomen

Head / Skull

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells? A) Plasma B) Hemoglobin C) Platelets D) Red Blood Cells

Hemoglobin

Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland?" A) Thyroid Gland B) Pancreas C) Pituitary Gland D) Adrenal Gland

Pituitary Gland

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures? A) Cartilage B) Tendon C) Ligament D) Muscle

Ligament

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis? A) Hair follicle B) Eccrine gland C) Sebaceous gland D) Nail

Eccrine gland (Merocrine / Sweat gland)

Which statement are true about bone? A) Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone) B) Osteocytes (mature bone cells), Spongy bone, Compact bone C) Osteoclasts (break down bone), Periosteum (outer covering of bone), Axial skeleton D) Marrow cavity, Fontanelles, Haversian canals

Osteoblasts (build up of bone), Epiphysial (end of bone), Diaphysis (shaft of bone)

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body? A) Ear B) Nose C) Mouth D) Eye

Eye (in front of eye, between the lens & cornea)

The malleus, incus & stapes are located in which part of the body? A) Head B) Ear C) Throat D) Nose

Ear

Dorsiflexion & Plantarflexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body? A) Knee B) Hand C) Foot D) Elbow

Foot

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary artery C) Pulmonary vein D) Coronary artery

Pulmonary vein (Remember pulmonary is heart, veins take deoxygenated blood back to the heart, Arteries carry oxygen & nutrients away from the heart)

Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning? A) Parietal Lobe B) Occipital Lobe C) Frontal Lobe D) Temporal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing? A) Semicircular canals B) Vestibule C) Cochlea D) Eustachian tube

Cochlea

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure? A) Uterus B) Ovary C) Cervix D) Fallopian tubes

Fallopian tubes (also called uterine tubes)

Where is the tibialis anterior muscle located? A) Arm B) Upper leg C) Foot D) Lower leg

Lower leg

An overproduction of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area? A) Middle ear B) Inner ear C) External ear and canals D) Eustachian tube

External ear and canals

The mitral valve is located between which two structures? A) Left ventricle and right atrium B) Right ventricle and left atrium C) Left ventricle and left atrium D) Right ventricle and right atrium

Left ventricle and right atrium

The olfactory nerve is associated with which sense? A) Taste B) Hearing C) Sight D) Smell

Smell

Which vessel carries blood from the body to the heart? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary artery C) Pulmonary vein D) Vena cava

Vena Cava

Which hormones are produced by the ovaries? A) Testosterone and Estrogen B) Estrogen and Progesterone C) Progesterone and Testosterone D) FSH and LH

Estrogen progesterone

Plane divides the body into left and right sides? A) Coronal B) Sagittal C) Transverse D) Frontal

Sagittal

Two divisions that make up the nervous system? A) PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central) B) CNS & ANS (Central & Autonomic) C) SNS & ANS (Somatic & Autonomic) D) PNS & ANS (Peripheral & Autonomic)

PNS & CNS (Peripheral & Central)

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing? A) Epiphysis B) Diaphysis C) Periosteum D) Medullary cavity

Epiphysis

Part of the brain that attaches to the spinal cord? A) Cerebrum B) Medulla oblongata C) Cerebellum D) Hypothalamus

Medulla oblongata

Which term is used to describe movement of arms and legs away from the midline of the body? A) Flexion B) Adduction C) Abduction D) Extension

Abduction (AB = Away from) (Correct Answer)

Structure that provides a pulse reading in the neck? A) Femoral artery B) Carotid artery C) Jugular vein D) Radial artery

Carotid artery

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland? A) Growth hormone B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone C) Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) D) Insulin

Oxytocin & ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

What is the primary function of hemoglobin? A) Maintain blood pressure B) Regulate body temperature C) Carry oxygen D) Produce hormones

Carry oxygen

What stimulates chemoreceptors to function? A) Rise in CO2; Fall in O2 B) Rise in O2; Fall in CO2 C) Rise in CO2; Rise in O2 D) Fall in CO2; Rise in O2

Rise in CO2; Fall in O2

Which condition causes a client to say, "I can't see far away?" A) Nearsightedness B) Farsightedness C) Astigmatism D) Presbyopia

nearsightedness

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? A) Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins B) Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell C) Break down cellular waste D) Produce ATP

Packaging proteins for secretion and transports lipids around the cell Synthesize carbs & glycoproteins

What organ produces insulin? A) Liver B) Pancreas C) Kidney D) Gallbladder

Pancreas

Fertilization occurs in the? A) Uterus B) Ovary C) Oviduct (fallopian tube) D) Cervix

Oviduct

When drawing blood from the antecubital region, which blood vessel is used to obtain blood? A) Brachial artery B) Radial artery C) Ulnar artery D) Median cubital vein

Median cubital

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty? A) Estrogen B) Testosterone & Estrogen C) Progesterone D) Thyroid hormone

Testosterone and estrogen

Increase rate of breathing results in what blood pH change? A) Alkalosis B) Acidosis C) Neutral pH D) Hyperacidity

Alkalosis

What is the function of the hypothalamus? A) Regulates balance and thermoregulation B) Controls blood sugar levels C) Produces insulin D) Regulates heart rate

Regulates balance and thermoregulation

How many calories per gram do carbohydrates contain? A) 7 B) 6 C) 5 D) 4

When water molecules move across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, this process is called? A) Active transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Osmosis D) Exocytosis

Osmosis

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body? A) Body becomes more alkaline B) Body becomes more acidic C) Body temperature decreases D) Blood pressure decreases

Npdy becomes more acidic

What part of the body is the lower back? A) Thoracic B) Cervical C) Lumbar D) Sacral

Lumbar

High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Magnesium

Potassium

What blood vessels perfuses (goes through) the kidney? A) Renal artery B) Hepatic vein C) Pulmonary artery D) Renal vein

Renal vein

What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea? A) Parathyroid gland B) Pituitary gland C) Adrenal gland D) Thyroid gland

Thyroid

In white blood cells, what contributes to phagocytosis? A) Lymphocytes B) Eosinophils C) Macrophages and neutrophils D) Basophils

Macrophages and neutrophils

What structure of the eye picks out color? A) Lens B) Cornea C) Retina D) Optic nerve

Retina

What is the most protective layer of the skin? A) Dermis B) Subcutaneous tissue C) Epidermis D) Melanocytes

Epidermis

The organ of Corti is located in the? A) Eye B) Brain C) Nose D) Ear

Ear

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed? A) Large intestine B) Stomach C) Small intestine D) Liver

Small intestine

The Rough ER functions in human cells to? A) Store energy B) Synthesize proteins C) Detoxify drugs and toxins D) Produce ATP

Synthesize proteins

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in? A) Fat B) Carbohydrates C) Protein D) Vitamins

Protein

What is the definition of chyme? A) A solid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach B) A liquid produced by the liver to aid in digestion C) A semi-solid mass of undigested food expelled by the stomach D) A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

A semi-fluid mass of partially digested food expelled by the stomach in the duodenum

What are hormones? A) Enzymes B) Organelles C) Chemical messengers D) Proteins

Chemical messengers

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, & progesterone? A) Uterus B) Vagina C) Ovaries D) Fallopian tubes

Ovaries

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules? A) Endocytosis B) Phagocytosis C) Diffusion D) Cilia

Cilia

Which is a hollow organ? A) Liver B) Gall bladder C) Pancreas D) Spleen

Gall bladder

Which muscle(s) is included in the quad femoris group? A) Rectus femoris B) Vastus lateralis C) Vastus medialis D) Vastus intermedius

(Correct Answer: All of the above)

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function? A) Diaphragm B) Alveoli C) Bronchi D) Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

A client has a large pituitary tumor. What part of the body does this affect? A) Heart B) Kidneys C) Brain D) Liver

Brain

Which structures produce B-lymphocytes? A) Spleen B) Thymus C) Red bone marrow D) Tonsils

Red bone marrow

What occurs when sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased? A) Blood pressure rises & goose bumps B) Blood pressure decreases C) Heart rate decreases D) Respiratory rate decreases

Blood pressure rises & goose bumps

The buttocks are which surface of the body? A) Anterior B) Posterior C) Ventral D) Dorsal

Posterior

The esophagus is located in which body cavity? A) Abdominal B) Pelvic C) Thoracic D) Cranial

Thoracic

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures? A) External auditory canal & inner ear B) Inner ear & middle ear C) Middle ear & external auditory canal D) External auditory canal & middle ear

External auditory canal & middle ear

How many days is the average menstrual cycle? A) 21 days B) 28 days C) 35 days D) 42 days

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes? A) Thymus B) Spleen C) Red bone marrow D) Tonsils

Thymus

Calcaneus is located in? A) Hand B) Foot C) Arm D) Leg

Foot

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to? A) Digest food B) Pump blood C) Expel waste D) Regulate body temperature

Expel waste

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy? A) Fallopian tubes B) Ovaries C) Uterus D) Cervix

Ovaries

What are fingerprints made of? A) Hair B) Friction ridges C) Skin cells D) Sweat

Friction ridges

ABCD of cancer? A) Adenoma B) Benign C) Melanoma D) Nevus

Melanoma

Which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? A) Abdominal region B) Pelvic region C) Thoracic region D) Cranial region

Pelvic region

Which one up angle at the joint? A) Flexor B) Extensor C) Adductor D) Abductor

Extensor

Which hormone is released by the posterior lobe? A) Growth hormone B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone C) Oxytocin & ADH D) Prolactin

Oxytocin & ADH

Order of organization of living things? A) Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles, Cells B) Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere C) Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles D) Organelles, Cells, Organs, Tissues, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere

Tissues, Organs, Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biosphere, Organelles, Cells

All living things are made up of? A) Organs B) Cells C) Molecules D) Tissues

Cells

What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification? A) Long bones B) Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles C) Short bones D) Irregular bones

Flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles

Most obvious skin cancer? A) Melanoma B) Squamous cell carcinoma C) Basal cell carcinoma D) Kaposi sarcoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Active transport requires? A) Oxygen B) Carbon dioxide C) Requires energy (ATP) from the cell D) Requires energy from the environment

Requires energy (ATP) from the cell

Passive transport? A) Requires energy B) Does not require energy

Does not require energy

Diffusion is? A) Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration B) Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, low to high concentration C) Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient D) Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of equal concentration

Movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, high to low concentration

Osmosis is? A) Movement of solutes across a membrane B) Movement of ions across a membrane C) Movement of water across a membrane, low to high concentration D) Movement of water across a membrane, high to low concentration

Movement of water across a membrane, high to low concentration

Fibrous joints are? A) Immovable joints held together by cartilage B) Freely movable joints held together by synovial fluid C) Stationary joints held together by ligaments only D) Movable joints held together by tendons

Stationary joints held together by ligaments only

Cartilaginous is? A) Connection between articulating bones made up of ligaments B) Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage C) Connection between articulating bones made up of synovial fluid D) Connection between articulating bones made up of fibrous tissue

Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

Synovial joints are? A) Immovable joints B) Stationary joints C) Freely mobile D) Slightly movable joints

Freely mobile

Types of asexual reproduction? A) Fertilization and meiosis B) Binary fission and mitosis C) Gametogenesis and fertilization D) Meiosis and budding

Binary fission and mitosis

What is the eustachian tube? A) Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear B) Links the oropharynx to the middle ear C) Links the laryngopharynx to the inner ear D) Links the middle ear to the cochlea

Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Calciferol (aka vitamin D) is controlled by? A) Thyroid hormone B) Parathyroid hormone C) Adrenal hormone D) Insulin

Parathyroid hormone

Sebaceous gland function? A) Secretes sweat B) Secretes oil C) Secretes hormones D) Secretes enzymes

Secretes oil

What is endocytosis? A) Engulfs and brings in B) Fuses with plasma membrane & releases contents outside of the cell C) Breaks down cellular waste D) Regulates cell metabolism

Engulfs and brings in (endo = internal)

Pituitary gland produces? A) Insulin B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone C) Thyroid hormone D) Parathyroid hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone

What does the adrenal gland secrete? A) Insulin B) Cortisol & Aldosterone C) Thyroid hormone D) Parathyroid hormone

Cortisol & Aldosterone

Aerobic respiration takes place in? A) Cytoplasm B) Nucleus C) Mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

anaerobic respiration produces? A) Water B) Carbon dioxide C) Energy and uses glucose D) ATP

Energy and uses glucose, but produces less energy and does NOT require oxygen

What parts of the respiratory system are in the upper respiratory? A) Trachea and bronchi B) Bronchioles and alveolar ducts C) Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli D) Nasal cavity and pharynx

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Aerobic respirations happen in the presence of? A) Carbon dioxide B) Nitrogen C) Oxygen D) Hydrogen

Oxygen

What is the soft spot on a baby's head? A) Cranial suture B) Parietal bone C) Fontanelle D) Occipital bone

Fontanelle

Layers of the epidermis? A) Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale B) Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue C) Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum D) Dermis, Epidermis, Hypodermis

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

The top of the sternum is called? A) Xiphoid process B) Manubrium C) Body D) Sternal notch

Manubrium

Parts of the sternum? A) Body, Manubrium, Xiphoid Process B) Xiphoid Process, Manubrium, Body C) Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process D) Xiphoid Process, Body, Manubrium

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

What makes up most plasma? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets D) Water

Water

Polypeptides are? A) Simple sugars B) Fats C) Chains of amino acids D) Nucleic acids

Chains of amino acids

What is mitosis? A) The process of cell division B) The process of DNA replication C) The formation of gametes D) The fusion of two haploid cells

The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two daughter cells in a process called cytokinesis

What is Meosis? A) The process of DNA replication B) The formation of polypeptides C) Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells D) The fusion of two haploid cells

Is to make haploid gametes and production of germ cells

Ribs are attached to the? A) Clavicle B) Scapula C) Sternum D) Vertebrae

Sternum

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract? A) To enzymatically break down food. B) To perform gas exchange. C) To absorb nutrients into blood. D) To eliminate unabsorbed waste.

To perform gas exchange.

What is the best definition of homeostasis? A a process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions B a process whereby the body breaks down glucose to make energy to fuel other cellular processes C a process by which the body minimizes and responds to infection by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses D a process through which the body maintains its genetic composition throughout despite different cells having different functions

a process whereby the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in internal and external conditions

Which best describes how the endocrine system works? A defense through the use of antibodies B communication through the use of hormones C movement by contraction upon nervous stimulation D blood flow through the use of the heart muscle

communication through the use of hormones

Which anatomical directional term refers to a body part being located toward the front of the body? A lateral B superior C anterior D posterior

Where is Vitamin K created in the body? A liver B lungs C large intestine D gall bladder

large intestine

What is the largest organ in the body? A skin B small intestine C femur D stomach

skin

A medical scientist studies the parenchyma of the kidney. What specific type of science is this? A biology B physiology C anatomy D histology

histology

What is erythropoiesis? A red blood cell formation B white blood cell formation C the destruction of red blood cells D the destruction of white blood cells

red blood cell formation

Which body part lacks keratin? A hair B skin C nails D teeth

teeth

What is the relationship between sarcomeres, myofibrils, and muscle cells? A Sarcomeres contain muscle cells, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. B Myofibrils contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of muscle cells. C Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. D Muscle cells contain sarcomeres, which in turn are made up of myofibrils.

Muscle cells contain myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres.

A person who has torn their vastus lateralis muscle will need which of the following? A an arm sling B a cane or crutches C a rib support brace D a neck brace

a cane or crutches

What is the shaft of a long bone called? A diaphysis B epiphysis C osteoclast D osteoblast

diaphysis

What is primarily regulated by the medulla oblongata? A balance B personality C heart rate D sensory input

heart rate

Which of the following is true about simple reflexes? A They travel through the spinal cord to the brain. B They travel only through the spinal cord. C They travel only through the brain. D They do not travel and remain localized

They travel only through the spinal cord

Estrogen serves what primary function in the female reproductive system? A It initiates the preparation of the endometrium. B It triggers the release of the egg from the ovary. C It causes fertilization of the egg in the oviduct. D It stimulates the lactation of breast milk

It initiates the preparation of the endometrium.

What is the name of the structure that transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder? A urethra B tubule C ureter D nephron

ureter

Humans can survive most easily without which of the following? A pancreas B lungs C gallbladder D liver

gallbladder

Which of the following is NOT a role of cortisol? A reducing inflammation B raising the blood sugar level C inhibiting the release of histamine D controlling motor impulses

controlling motor impulses

How many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord? A 7 B 12 C 24 D 31

Which organelles are hair-like extensions that move substances over a cell’s surface? A Cilia B Golgi apparati C Centrioles D Mitochondria

Cilia

What is the function of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)? A Is part of the cell membrane B Provides energy for the cell C Serves as a secondary messenger D Is an endocrine hormone

Serves as a secondary messenger

The neuron is composed of ________, which transmit signals toward the cell body, and a(n) _______, which transmits signals away from the cell body. A dendrites, axon B axons, dendrite C filaments, axon D axons, filament

dendrites, axon

Where is the pectoralis major muscle located? A in the chest B in the back C in the feet D in the buttocks

in the chest

Which is a steroid hormone? A insulin B calcitonin C adrenaline D estrogen

estrogen

Which pair of hormones regulates blood calcium homeostasis? A thyroid hormone and calcitonin B parathyroid hormone and calcitonin C insulin and glucagon D adrenaline and noradrenaline

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Which organ within the digestive system is a site of both mechanical and chemical digestion? A esophagus B small intestine C stomach D large intestine

stomach

A woman’s body usually ovulates around what day in a normal 28 day cycle? A Day 1 B Day 10 C Day 14 D Day 22

Day 14

Where are sperm stored in the male body once produced? A scrotal sac B epididymis C seminal vesicles D Cowper’s glands

epididymis

Which of these is the best analogy describing the function of the kidneys? A A wastewater treatment plant B A control center C A medical facility D A soldier training facility

A wastewater treatment plant

What is the most widely distributed type of sweat gland? A Apocrine B Endocrine C Eccrine D Submucosal

Eccrine

One child is playing on the playground and decides to climb the castle while another child stays on the ground. When the first child reaches the top of the castle, their position relative to the second child sitting on the ground is ________. A superior B inferior C anterior D posterior

superior

Extending an arm straight out to the side of the body would be described as a(n) _______ movement, while returning it back to the side of the body is a(n) ______ movement. A distal, proximal B lateral, medial C posterior, anterior D inferior, superior

lateral, medial

What plane divides your face in half down the middle? A midsagittal B transverse C oblique D frontal

midsagittal

Which bone is part of the axial skeleton? A scapula B ulna C fibula D temporal

temporal

Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory system? A bronchi B pharynx C lungs D trachea

pharynx

Which blood vessel returns blood from the systemic circuit to the heart? A coronary sinus B aorta C superior vena cava D pulmonary vein

superior vena cava

What type of hormones are follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone? A tropic B secondary C steroid D adrenal

tropic

What is the purpose of the mastication of food? A to absorb proteins B to increase its surface area C to prevent digestion D to neutralize stomach acid

to increase its surface area

Which hormone stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to produce testosterone? A estrogen B luteinizing hormone C follicle-stimulating hormone D growth hormone

luteinizing hormone

Which of the following happens during inhalation? A thorax decreases in size B external intercostal muscles relax C diaphragm contracts D air pressure in lungs increases

diaphragm contracts

What type of bone is the patella? A sesamoid B flat C long D irregular

sesamoid

What does the pulmonary vein do? A carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs B carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs C carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart D carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells that undergo mitosis? A stratum lucidum B stratum spinosum C stratum basale D stratum corneum

stratum basale

Which statement is correct? A The dorsal cavity includes the thoracic and spinal cavities. B The ventral cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. C The dorsal cavity includes the spinal and abdominopelvic cavities. D The ventral cavity includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

The ventral cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

What process reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell in half? A binary fission B mitosis C fertilization D meiosis

meiosis

Where is adipose tissue located in the skin? A stratum corneum B hypodermis C dermis D stratum granulosum

hypodermis

Which section of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae? A cervical B thoracic C lumbar D sacral

thoracic

Which of the following glands is correctly matched with a hormone it secretes? A adrenal cortex: adrenaline B thyroid: thyroid stimulating hormone C pancreas: glucagon D parathyroid: calcitonin

pancreas: glucagon

From what type of blood cell are platelets derived? A thrombocytes B leukocytes C lymphocytes D erythrocytes

thrombocytes

Where does the chemical digestion of proteins primarily occur within the digestive system? A mouth and stomach B small intestine and large intestine C stomach and small intestine D mouth and esophagus

stomach and small intestine

What is the functional unit of the kidney? Tubules Glomerulus Nephron Ureter

Nephron

The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ___________ and ____________. The central nervous system and spinal cord The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system The central nervous system and somatic nervous system The central nervous system and autonomic nervous system

The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next is called a _______________________. Node of Ranvier Dendrite Axon terminal Synapse

Synapse

Which type of bone has a diaphysis and two epiphyses? Irregular bone Short bone Long bone Flat bone

Long bone

Which of the following is not found in the vertebral column? Atlas Vomer Axis Coccyx

Vomer

Which of the following correctly describes the function of luteinizing hormone? It stimulates spermatogenesis in males It stimulates the production of testosterone in males It stimulates the maturation of the ovarian follicle in females It stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle in females

It stimulates the production of testosterone in males

Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen? It is responsible for the female secondary sex characteristics It is produced by the cells of the ovarian follicle It stimulates ovulation It stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

It stimulates ovulation

Which of the following is a function of a neutrophil? Phagocytosis of bacteria Production of antibodies Elimination of protozoa Initiating allergic response

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Which of the following structure-function is incorrectly paired? Spleen—Filters blood Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets Red bone marrow—Production of B lymphocyte Thymus—development of T lymphocyte

Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets

The bolus is formed in which part of the digestive system? Oral cavity Stomach Pharynx Esophagus

Oral cavity

Which of the following correctly describes chyme? Partially digested food mixed with an intestinal secretion Partially digested food mixed with pancreatic secretions Partially digested food mixed with saliva Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice

Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice

What is the function of the small intestine? Absorption of nutrients Mastication Compaction of waste to feces Propulsion of feces to the rectum

Absorption of nutrients

The pectoralis major pulls the arm towards the midline. This movement is called _________. Flexion Abduction Adduction Supination

Adduction

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction? Calcium binds to myosin to initiate the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin Calcium binds to actin to initiate the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin Calcium binds to tropomyosin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin

Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin

Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision? Iris Cones Rods Lens

Cones

Which structure controls the activity of the endocrine system? Thyroid gland Hypothalamus Parathyroid gland Pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

Which plane divides the body into left and right sides? Coronal Sagittal Transverse Frontal

Sagittal

The left atrium receives blood from the ______. Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary vein

Which tissue has multinucleated striated cylindrical fibers and moves the body under voluntary control? Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cancellous bone Compact bone

Skeletal muscle

Which is the most abundant nervous tissue? Neurons Dendrites Neuroglia Myelin

Neuroglia

What does the EKG do? Records interventricular pressure Records electrical activity of the heart Records interatrial pressure Records mechanical activity of the heart

Records electrical activity of the heart

Which of the following glands is correctly paired with its hormone? Gonads-Follicle stimulating hormone Parathyroid gland-Thyroid hormone Pancreas-Glucagon Adrenal cortex-Epinephrine

Pancreas-Glucagon

The tibia is _______ to the femur. Distal Lateral Medial Proximal

Distal

Where does erythropoiesis take place? Red bone marrow Heart Yellow bone marrow Thymus

Red bone marrow