HESI Adult Health

Question 1

ADDison’s disease

Answer 1

A: added pigmentation and potassium
D: Decreased weight
D: Decreased BP, hair (alopecia), sugar, and energy (fatigue
S: sodium loss
S: salt cravings

Question 2

CUSHing syndrome

Answer 2

C: Cushing (trunchal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump
U: Unusual hair growth (hirsutism)
S: Skin (purple striae, butterfly mark
H: High sugar, BP, weight

Question 3

Steroids from the adrenal cortex control what?

Answer 3

S: sugar (cortisol)
S: salts (aldosterone)
S: sex and hair (androgens)

Question 4

Diabetes Incipits

Answer 4

Decreased blood pressure
increase serum sodium
dry skin
diluted urine
“die” ADH

Question 5

SIADH

Answer 5

“Soaked inside”
decreased serum sodium osmolarity
increased blood pressure
sticky thick urine
seizure risk (headache early sign due to low sodium)
IMPORTANT CAUSE: small cell lung cancer

Question 6

DKA

Answer 6

Ketones and kussmaul respirations
Dry and high sugar 250-500
Abdominal pain
younger age
Hyperkalemia (give potassium with insulin)
GIVE FLUIDS FIRST

Question 7

HHS

Answer 7

Older age
Higher sugar 600+
stable potassium levels
Higher fluid loss and dehydration

Question 8

Priority intervention with a comatose patient

Answer 8

Cold Fluids for therapeutic hypothermia

Question 9

Care for minor burns

Answer 9

Cool water, Briefly soak area, no ice
Cover area “clean dry cloth”
Clothing removal not adhered

Question 10

Second degree burn

Answer 10

Painful blisters
RED MOIST SHINNY FLUID FILLED VESICLES

Question 11

1 intervention/assessment for burn patients

Answer 11

Intervention: LR or NS
Assessment: Urinary output
Monitor: WBC

Question 12

Burns percentage of body affected

Answer 12

9% for head
9% for both arms
9% for each leg =18%
1% for perineum

Question 13

Priority action with a patient with hypothermia

Answer 13

1: Airway: anticipate mechanical ventilation

#2: Attach cardiac monitor (anticipate for defibrillation)
#3: activate internal warming

Question 14

Sudden vomiting without nausea

Answer 14

Report to HCP (moderate sign of increased ICP)

Question 15

Late signs of increased ICP (CUSHINGS TRIAD)

Answer 15

Wide pulse pressure (high BP, low HR)
Low RR
“CRUSHING” HR and RR

Question 16

What is the number one cause of stroke?

Answer 16

Hypertension

Question 17

PUD Peptic ulcer disease treatment

Answer 17

Small meals high in protein and fats, low in carbs
Laying down after eating

Question 18

Acute pancreatitis treatment

Answer 18

NPO w/ NG tube suctioning
Position side lying with legs drawn up to chest
Monitor for hypocalcemia

Question 19

Night sweats, fever, anorexia

Answer 19

Tuberculosis TB

Question 20

Leading cause of death related to cancer

Answer 20

Lung Cancer

Question 21

Primary disease

Answer 21

Problem at the gland itself (tumor, excess hormone replacement)

Question 22

Exophthalmos which disorder

Answer 22

Hyperthyroidism

Question 23

Myxedema Coma treatment

Answer 23

Withdrawal of thyroid medications
Monitor ABC’s
Mechanical ventilation

Question 24

Diabetes Mellitus Priority assessment

Answer 24

Check (assess) Blood glucose levels
Always treat for hypoglycemia if unsure

Question 25

Metformin

Answer 25

Discontinue 48 hours before and for 48 hours after when using IV contrast

Question 26

Cyclosporine

Answer 26

Do not take with grape fruit juice

Question 27

Cholesterol levels

Answer 27

Total cholesterol <200 Triglycerides <150 LDL's <100 HDL's >50

Question 28

MI/ Heart attack treatment

Answer 28

M: Morphine O: Oxygen N: Nitrates A: Aspirin Troponin indicator of heart attack/MI

Question 29

Pericarditis symptoms

Answer 29

Sudden sharp pain relieved when leaning forward

Question 30

Mitral valve

Answer 30

Left side of heart Murmurs common Backs up fluid into lungs

Question 31

Acute kidney disease phases

Answer 31

Oliguric: no urine, Increased creatinine, BUN, potassium; decreased sodium, fluid restriction 600ml plus Diuretic: All urine-decrease potassium, sodium Recovery: slowly progresses to normal function

Question 32

Pupils fixed and dilated 8mm Babinski reflex present

Answer 32

Brain stem herniation

Question 33

CSF leakage from EYES, EARS, NOSE Clear fluid drainage Positive glucose

Answer 33

OPEN TBI Basilar skull fracture

Question 34

Closed TBI

Answer 34

Concussion Minor: headache, retrograde amnesia, brief loss of consciousness Concussion Major: coup-countercoup=frontal (expressive aphasia) and occipital (vision) lobe

Question 35

Hematoma 3 different kinds: signs

Answer 35

Epidural: most deadly, closest to surface Subdural Subarachnoid MONITOR for INCREASED ICP

Question 36

Strokes priority

Answer 36

Review fibrinogen therapy protocol

Question 37

DASH Diet

Answer 37

It’s ok to have low fat yogurt as a snack

Question 38

TB

Answer 38

Gold standard for diagnosing is sputum culture

Question 39

Montelukast

Answer 39

Take no matter pt’s symptoms. Used as a maintenance drug

Question 40

Low back pain

Answer 40

Tell doctor their hematocrit and blood pressure levels

Question 41

Dementia pt who is HIV positive

Answer 41

Suspect if they have a decrease in their handwriting

Question 42

Tinea pedis aka athletes foot

Answer 42

More common with type 2 diabetes Wear clean socks and monitor glucose Treatment: griseofulvin

Question 43

Psoriasis

Answer 43

Use corticosteroids

Question 44

Gout meds

Answer 44

Colchicine: avoid grape fruit juice Allopurinol: increase fluids