HGAP flash cards unit (Nature and Perspective)

Question 1

Composed of inorganic material

Answer 1

Abiotic

Question 2

Exact measurement of the physical space between two places

Answer 2

Absolute distance

Question 3

The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach certain location from other locations

Answer 3

Accessibility

Question 4

Position on Earth’s surface using the coordinate system of longitude and latitude parallel to the equator

Answer 4

Absolute location

Question 5

All living organisms on Earth

Answer 5

Biosphere

Question 6

Composed of living organisms

Answer 6

Biotic

Question 7

Science of making maps

Answer 7

Cartography

Question 8

The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface

Answer 8

Distribution

Question 9

Study of ecosystems- living and abiotic

Answer 9

Ecology

Question 10

A 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences.

Answer 10

Environmental determinism

Question 11

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.

Answer 11

Environmental Possibilism

Question 12

Location-Absolute and Relative
Place-Human and Physical
Movement- How, when, where, what, human and physical environment change location
Human/Environment Interaction- How, when, what, and why the interaction of humans and the environment
Region-An area of the earth’s surface

Answer 12

Five themes of Geography

Question 13

Is based on the notion that distance usually requires some some amount of effort, money, and/or energy to overcome

Answer 13

Friction of Distance

Question 14

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

Answer 14

Distance Decay

Question 15

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers

Answer 15

Global Positioning System

Question 16

A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders

Answer 16

Globalization

Question 17

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data

Answer 17

Geographic Information System

Question 18

GMT. Time on the line of longitude that passes through Greenwich, England, used as a basis for calculating time around the world. The time zone at 0 longitude or prime meridian

Answer 18

Greenwich Mean Time

Question 19

A branch of geography centered on the study of people, places, spatial variation in human activities, and the relationship between people and the environment

Answer 19

Human Geography

Question 20

All the water at and near the surface of the earth, 97% of which is in oceans

Answer 20

Hydrosphere

Question 21

Earth’s crust and solid upper mantle, broken into tectonic plates

Answer 21

Lithosphere

Question 22

A logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of economic activities and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated

Answer 22

Location Theory

Question 23

Is the ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of Earth

Answer 23

Map Scale

Question 24

An internal representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.

Answer 24

Mental Map

Question 25

An area of nature unaffected by human behavior

Answer 25

Natural Landscape

Question 26

Often referred to as a places toponym (The name given to a place on Earth).

Answer 26

Place Name

Question 27

A common property of distribution, which is the geometric arrangement of objects in space.

Answer 27

Pattern

Question 28

A systematic method of transferring a spherical surface to a flat map.

Answer 28

Map Projection

Question 29

An area of on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon. An area of shared physical and/or human characteristics.

Answer 29

Region

Question 30

(Uniform) or homogeneous region is an area within which everyone shares in common one or mare distinctive characteristics. This could be like a common language or a common tradition.

Answer 30

Formal region

Question 31

(Nodal Region) Area organized around a node or focal point. The characteristic chosen to define a functional region dominates at a central focus or node and diminishes in importance outward.

Answer 31

Functional Region

Question 32

(Perceptual Region) is a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. Such regions emerge from people's informal sense of place rather than from scientific models developed through geographic thought. (Often identified using a mental map- which is an internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface)

Answer 32

Vernacular Region

Question 33

Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places

Answer 33

Relative distance

Question 34

Position on Earth's surface relative to other features. (Ex: My house is west of 281)

Answer 34

Relative location

Question 35

The collection of data from satellites, airplanes, weather balloons and other instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study

Answer 35

Remote Sensing

Question 36

Representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. In cartography, the ratio of map distance to ground distance indicated on a map as a bar graph, representative fraction, and/ or verbal statement.

Answer 36

Scale

Question 37

The physical character of place; what is found at the location and why it is significant

Answer 37

Site

Question 38

The location of a place relative to other places

Answer 38

Situation

Question 39

Is the estimation or determination of extent

Answer 39

Size

Question 40

Of, relating to, involving or having the nature of space

Answer 40

Spatial

Question 41

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system

Answer 41

Time-Space Compression

Question 42

Refers to the physical gap or interval between two locations

Answer 42

Space

Question 43

How something is distributed across space; physical location of geographic phenomena across space

Answer 43

Spatial Distribution

Question 44

Happens when a round surface is made flat; distortion may be in size or shape of land forms, distance between land forms, or in direction

Answer 44

Map Distortion

Question 45

Lived in the late 6th and 5th centuries BCE, created a map that was accurate around Greece but other areas were much more vague

Answer 45

Hecataeus

Question 46

An 11th century Arab geographer that worked for the king of Sicily to collect geographical information into a remarkably accurate representation of the world. Under his direction, an academy of geographers gathered maps and went out on their own scientific expeditions.

Answer 46

Idrisi

Question 47

Defined geography as the study of interrelated spatial patterns

Answer 47

Immanuel Kant

Question 48

An inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar, his classic work,"Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action," provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions.

Answer 48

George Perkins Marsh

Question 49

A map projection that fairly accurately shows shape and direction, but distorts distance and size of land masses

Answer 49

Mercator Projection

Question 50

A projection that maintains overall shapes and relative positions without extreme distortion. Most classrooms use this projection.

Answer 50

Robinson Projection

Question 51

An equal-area projection purposely centered on Africa in an attempt to treat all regions of Earth equally

Answer 51

Peters Projection

Question 52

To come together into a sum or whole

Answer 52

Aggregation

Question 53

Human-induced changes on the natural environment

Answer 53

Anthropogenic

Question 54

A map projection that is made by moving the surface features of the globe onto a plane

Answer 54

Azimuthal projection

Question 55

The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places

Answer 55

Connectivity

Question 56

Determined Earth's circumference by measuring the Sun's shadow at two points on earth around 240 BC

Answer 56

Eratoshenes

Question 57

The actual shape of the earth, which is rough and oblate, or slightly squashed; the earth's circumference is longer around the equator then it is along the meridians, from north-south circumference

Answer 57

Geoid

Question 58

Pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place

Answer 58

Idiographic

Question 59

Wrote the "Four traditions of geography: Earth science tradition, human-environment tradition, regional/landscape, and spatial tradition"

Answer 59

WD Pattison

Question 60

Author of Guide to geography which contained maps using latitude and longitude

Answer 60

Ptolemy

Question 61

Data associated with a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interview, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives

Answer 61

Qualitative Data

Question 62

Individual maps of specific features that are overlaid on one another in a Geographical Information System to understand and analyze a spatial relationship.

Answer 62

Thematic Layers

Question 63

The amount of connectivity between places, regardless of the absolute distance separating them

Answer 63

Topological space

Question 64

A map that emphasizes a single idea or a particular kind of information about an area

Answer 64

Thematic Map

Question 65

Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude

Answer 65

Reference Maps

Question 66

Relating to measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather its quality

Answer 66

Quantitative

Question 67

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Answer 67

Sustainability

Question 68

Data that describe both the locations and characteristics of spatial features on the Earth's surface

Answer 68

Geospatial Data