HGE REFRESHER Flashcards by Nathalie Encinas

the maximum shear stress occurs on the filament which makes an angle with the horizontal plane equal to:

A. 30°
B. 45°
C. 60°
D. 90°

B. 45°

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in the triaxial test, the deviator stress increases the shear stress on what plane?

A. horizontal plane only
B. vertical plane only
C. both horizontal and vertical planes
D. all planes except the horizontal and vertical planes

D. all planes except the horizontal and vertical planes

other phrase:
* inclined
* none of the above

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the shear strength of a soil:

A. increases with an increase in the normal stress
B. is proportional to the cohesion of the soil
C. is generally known as the strength of the soil
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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pick up the correct statement from the following:

A. failure plane carries maximum shear stress
B. failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress
C. failure plane carries shear stress equal to maximum shear stress
D. none of these

B. failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress

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which of the following tests is not done on a laboratory set up?

A. direct shear test
B. vane shear test
C. triaxial test
D. unconfined compression test

B. vane shear test

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when the seepage pressure becomes equal to the pressure due to submerged weight of a soil, the effective pressure is reduced to zero and the soil particles have a tendency to move up in the direction of flow; this phenomenon is generally known as _____

A. quick condition
B. boiling condition
C. quick sand
D. all the above

D. all the above

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an ideal liquid has the characteristics of:

A. same as gas
B. inviscid
C. frictionless and incompressible
D. perfectly elastic

C. frictionless and incompressible

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a manometer is a device used to measure:

A. atmospheric pressure
B. low pressure
C. fluid pressure in pipes
D. velocity of flow in channels

C. fluid pressure in pipes

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in a rotating vessel containing water, what is the relationship between the height of the rise at the sides and the depth of the depression at the center?

A. the rise at the sides is greater than the depression at the center

B. the rise at the sides is less than the depression at the center

C. the rise at the sides is equal to the depression at the center

D. there is no consistent relationship between the rise at the side and the depression at the center

C. the rise at the sides is equal to
the depression at the center

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in open channel flow, which cross-sectional shape is considered the most hydraulically efficient for a given flow area?

A. rectangular
B. trapezoidal
C. triangular
D. semi-circular

D. semi-circular

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which term best describes a flow where the average velocity remains constant along its complete length?

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

D. uniform flow

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minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions etc. are commonly modeled as proportional to:

A. total head
B. static head
C. velocity head
D. pressure drop

C. velocity head

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the best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is:

A. b
B. b/2
C. 2b
D. square root of 3b

A. b

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when the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called:

A. uniform
B. laminar
C. continuous
D. turbulent

D. turbulent

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type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

C. steady flow

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type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

D. uniform flow

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uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant:

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

B. laminar flow

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type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same

A. continuous flow
B. steady flow
C. critical flow
D. uniform flow

A. continuous flow

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type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy minimum

A. continuous flow
B. steady flow
C. critical flow
D. subcritical

C. critical flow

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type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another

A. continuous flow
B. steady flow
C. compressible flow
D. incompressible flow

D. incompressible flow

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type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamlines

A. rotational flow
B. steady flow
C. irrotational flow
D. incompressible flow

D. incompressible flow

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the continuity equation is based on the principle of:

A. conservation of mass
B. conservation of momentum
C. conservation of energy
D. conservation of force

A. conservation of mass

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when a valve is suddenly closed on a liquid flowing through a long pipe, the pressure wave of high intensity thus generated is known as:

A. water hammer
B. pressure wave
C. flow hammer
D. jet hammer

A. water hammer

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which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes?

A. density
B. specific gravity
C. viscosity
D. compressibility

C. viscosity

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an open vessel of water is accelerated up an inclined plane; the free water surface will _____ A. be horizontal B. make an angle in direction of inclination of inclined plane C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane D. any one of above is possible

C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane

the horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolletti weir A. 1:1 B. 1:4 C. 1:2 D. 4:1

B. 1:4

the horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to _____ A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface C. product of pressure at its centroid and the area D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area

B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

for the most economical trapezoidal open channel: A. half of the top width must be equal to one of the sloping sides B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow C. the semicircle drawn with top width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel D. all of these

D. all of these

gauge pressure is _____ A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure D. none of these

A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure

in flow, the liquid particles may possess _____ A. potential energy B. kinetic energy C. pressure energy D. all the above

D. all the above

for most economical rectangular section of a channel, the depth is kept A. one-fourth of the width B. three times the hydraulic radius C. half the width D. none of these

C. half the width

which one of the following statements is not correct? A. specific energy is the total energy above the floor of an open channel B. for a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths C. velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy D. critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1

C. velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy

all other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water hammer pressure can be reduced by _____ A. using pipe of greater diameter B. using pipe of greater wall thickness C. using a more elastic pipe D. increasing the velocity of the pressure wave

A. using pipe of greater diameter

if a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will A. rise and fall alternately on the front side of the tank B. fall on the rear side of the tank C. remain the same on both side of the tank D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

as the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area B. moves apart from the center of gravity of the area C. ultimately coincides with the center of gravity of the area D. remains unaffected

A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area

in open channel, water flows under _____ A. force of gravity B. atmospheric pressure C. hydrostatic pressure D. mechanical pressure

A. force of gravity

the pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the liquid; this principle in fluid mechanics is attributed to: A. Archimedes B. Boyle C. Torricelli D. Pascal

D. Pascal

in any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow; this principle is attributed to: A. Torricelli B. Bernoulli C. Pascal D. Boyle

B. Bernoulli

the volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas; this principle is attributed to: A. Boyle B. Pascal C. Archimedes D. Bernoulli

A. Boyle

any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body; this principle is attributed to: A. Archimedes B. Pascal C. Torricelli D. Bernoulli

A. Archimedes

a theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening A. Archimedes B. Pascal C. Torricelli D. Bernoulli

C. Torricelli

a converging tube attached to the end of the pipe or hose which serves to increase the velocity of the issuing jet A. nozzle B. orifice C. pipe D. jet

A. nozzle

it is called frequently in connection with any space having a pressure less than atmospheric pressure is called _____ A. absolute B. vacuum C. gage D. atmosphere

B. vacuum

which of the following statements are correct: I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL II. EGL slopes downward in the direction flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump III. EGL is always above the HGL IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal A. I,II, and III only B. II,III, and IV only C. III and IV only D. all of the above

B. II,III, and IV only

ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil A. porosity B. degree of saturation C. void Ratio D. none of the above

A. porosity

ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil solids A. void ratio B. porosity C. degree of saturation D. none of the above

A. void ratio

ratio of volume of water and volume of soil A. degree of saturation B. void ratio C. porosity D. none of the above

D. none of the above

which is true for porosity? A. 0 < n < 100 B. 0 ≤ n ≤ 100 C. 0 ≤ n D. 0 < n

A. 0 < n < 100

which is true for void ratio? A. 0 < e < 100 B. 0 ≤ e ≤ 100 C. 0 ≤ e D. 0 < e

D. 0 < e

which is true for degree of saturation? A. 0 < S < 100 B. 0 ≤ S ≤ 100 C. 0 ≤ S D. 0 < S

B. 0 ≤ S ≤ 100

water content of soil can _____ A. never be greater than 100% B. take values only from 0% to 100% C. be less than 0% D. be greater than 100%

D. be greater than 100%

what is soil in civil engineering? A. the material in a relatively thin surface zone within roots occur B. the unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth’s crust C. the substance existing on the earths surface, which grows and develops plants D. none of the above

B. the unaggregated and uncemented deposits of minerals and organic particles covering the earth’s crust

a process by which water saturated soil sediment temporarily loss strength and acts as a fluid A. consolidation B. plasticity C. settlement D. liquefaction

D. liquefaction

volume change in saturated soils caused by the expulsion of pore water from loading A. initial consolidation B. primary consolidation C. secondary consolidation D. none of the above

B. primary consolidation

negative skin friction on piles... A. is caused due to relative settlement of the soil B. is caused in soft clays C. decreases the pile capacity D. all of the above

D. all of the above

for better strength and stability, the fine grained soils and coarse grained soils are compacted respectively as _____ A. dry of OMC and wet of OMC B. wet of OMC and dry of OMC C. wet of OMC and wet of OMC D. dry of OMC and dry of OMC

B. wet of OMC and dry of OMC

pick up the incorrect statement from the following: A. compaction has no effect on the structure of a soil B. permeability decreases with increase in the dry density of a compacted soil C. a wet side compacted soil is more compressible than a dry side compacted soil D. dry side compaction soils swell more when given access to moisture

A. compaction has no effect on the structure of a soil

a decrease in water content results in a reduction of the volume of soil in: A. liquid state B. plastic state C. semi-solid state D. all of these

D. all of these

the water content in a soil sample when it continues to loose weight without loosing the volume, is called _____ A. shrinkage limit B. plastic limit C. liquid limit D. semi-solid limit

A. shrinkage limit

the admixture of coarser particles like sand or silt to clay causes _____ A. decrease in liquid limit and increase in plasticity index B. decrease in liquid limit and no change in plasticity index C. decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index D. increase in both liquid limit and plasticity index

C. decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index

an index used to identify the swelling potential of clay soils is called _____ A. plasticity Index B. liquidity Index C. consistency Index D. activity

D. activity

the property of a soil which permits water to percolate through it A. moisture content B. permeability C. capillarity D. none of these

B. permeability

which of the following methods is best suited for determination of permeability of coarse-grained soils? A. constant head method B. falling head method C. both the above D. none of the above

A. constant head method

Terzaghi's bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq and Nγ are functions of _____ A. cohesion only B. angle of internal friction only C. both cohesion and angle of internal friction D. none of the above

C. both cohesion and angle of internal friction

coefficient of earth pressure at rest is _____ A. less than active earth pressure but greater than passive earth pressure B. greater than active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure C. greater than both the active earth pressure and passive earth pressure D. Less than both the active and passive earth pressures

B. greater than active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure

the average coefficient of permeability of natural deposits... A. parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification B. parallel to stratification is always less than that perpendicular to stratification C. is always same in both directions D. parallel to stratification may or may not be greater than that perpendicular to stratification

A. parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification

the quantity of seepage of water through soils is proportional to _____ A. coefficient of permeability of soil B. total head loss through the soil C. neither A nor B D. both A and B

D. both A and B

the critical exit gradient of seepage water in soils, increases with _____ A. an increase in specific gravity B. a decrease in specific gravity C. a decrease in void ratio D. both A and C

D. both A and C

who is the father of modern soil mechanics? A. K. Terzaghi B. R. Peck C. W. Rankine D. K. Policarpio

A. K. Terzaghi

the relative density of loose soil, in percent, is: A. 0 to 15 B. 15 to 35 C. 35 to 65 D. 65 to 85

B. 15 to 35

the relative density of dense soil, in percent, is: A. 15 to 35 B. 35 to 65 C. 65 to 85 D. 85 to 100

C. 65 to 85

the relative density of very dense soil, in percent, is: A. 15 to 35 B. 35 to 65 C. 65 to 85 D. 85 to 100

D. 85 to 100

a cohesionless soil is considered dense if the SPT “N” value is between A. 0 to 4 B. 10 to 30 C. 30 to 50 D. 4 to 10

C. 30 to 50

a cohesionless soil is considered loose if the SPT “N” value is between A. 0 to 4 B. 10 to 30 C. 30 to 50 D. 4 to 10

D. 4 to 10

a cohesionless soil is considered very loose if the SPT “N” value is between A. 0 to 4 B. 10 to 30 C. 30 to 50 D. 4 to 10

A. 0 to 4

soil grains with particle size greater than 4.75 mm but less than 75 mm according to USCS A. cobbles B. gravel C. boulder D. sand

B. gravel

soil grains with particle size is greater than 75 mm according to USCS A. cobbles B. gravel C. boulder D. sand

A. cobbles

a practice of procedure used to asses the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material; the size distribution is often of critical importance to the way the material performs in use A. consolidation test B. standard penetration test C. unconfined compression test D. sieve analysis

D. sieve analysis

the over consolidation ratio (OCR) of an over consolidated soil is: A. less than 1 B. equal to 1 C. greater than 1 D. none of the above

C. greater than 1

the over consolidation ratio (OCR) of normally consolidated soil is: A. less than 1 B. equal to 1 C. greater than 1 D. none of the above

B. equal to 1

a cohesive soil deposit is considered stiff if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between _____ A. 0 to 25 B. 50 to 100 C. 100 to 200 D. 25 to 50

C. 100 to 200

a cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between _____ A. 0 to 25 B. 50 to 100 C. 100 to 200 D. 25 to 50

D. 25 to 50

a cohesive soil deposit is considered very soft if the unconfined compression strength, in kPa, is between _____ A. 0 to 25 B. 50 to 100 C. 100 to 200 D. 25 to 50

A. 0 to 25

rise of water table above the ground surface causes: A. equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress B. equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress C. increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress D. decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress

A. equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress

the shear strength of a soil: A. is directly proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil B. is inversely proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil C. decreases with increase in normal stress D. decreases with decrease in normal stress

D. decreases with decrease in normal stress

effective stress on soil: A. increases voids ratio and decreases permeability B. increases both voids ratio and permeability C. decreases both voids ratio and permeability D. decreases voids ratio and increases permeability

C. decreases both voids ratio and permeability

the coefficient of compressibility of soil, is the ratio of: A. stress to strain B. strain to stress C. stress to settlement D. rate of loading to that of settlement

B. strain to stress

if the ground water table in the soil formation rises as a resulting of flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil A. increases B. unaffected C. decreasing D. depends on the footing load

C. decreasing

one of the following foundation conditions does not affect the bearing capacity of the supporting soil A. unit weight of the soil B. depth of founding of footings C. load imposed onto the soil D. position of ground water table

C. load imposed onto the soil

what is the largest grain that passes a no. 200 sieve in millimeter? A. 0.020 B. 0.064 C. 0.074 D. 0.0054

C. 0.074

section 302.2.2 of the National Structural Code of the Philippines provides that the slope of cut surfaces of the ground shall be no steeper than is safe for the intended use and shall be no steeper that: A. 1 to 3 B. 1 to 2 C. 1 to 1 D. 1 to 1.5

B. 1 to 2

the fraction of soils passing which sieve number is used for Atterberg Limits tests of soils: A. 60 B. 30 C. 50 D. 40

D. 40

HGE REFRESHER Flashcards

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